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. 2021 Mar 17;64(1):e21. doi: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.13

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© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the European Psychiatric Association 2021

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses flowchart of studies retrieved in the systematic literature search.

*11,905 duplicates; 1,826 studies other than meta-analysis, randomized controlled trial, review, cohort study, open study, descriptive study, expert opinion; 843 studies published in journal not indexed in Embase or Medline; 2,895 studies on pathophysiological mechanisms of negative symptoms; 5,813 articles not related to any topic; 1,792 articles related to the assessment of negative symptoms; 158 studies conducted in animals.

**Outdated; concerns about quality of meta-analytic procedures or of the original studies; addressed population/intervention/outcome not usable for formulation of recommendations.