Table 3.
Results of the two-part model analysis on care expenditures
| Health care | Rehabilitation | Social care | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Logit | GLM | Logit | GLM | Logit | GLM | Logit | GLM | |
| OR (s.e.) | β (s.e.) | OR (s.e.) | β (s.e.) | OR (s.e.) | β (s.e.) | OR (s.e.) | β (s.e.) | |
| Severity level (ref.: non-depressed) | ||||||||
| Mild | 1.57*** | 0.93*** | 1.98** | 0.41 | 0.75* | 0.53 | 1.49** | 0.95*** |
| (0.18) | (0.14) | (0.45) | (0.34) | (0.10) | (0.27) | (0.18) | (0.14) | |
| Moderate | 1.72** | 0.58*** | 1.86* | −0.58 | 1.70** | −0.40 | 1.61* | 0.54*** |
| (0.31) | (0.15) | (0.56) | (0.37) | (0.29) | (0.28) | (0.30) | (0.15) | |
| Moderately severe | 4.00** | 1.22*** | 2.99** | −0.36 | 2.29** | −0.08 | 3.44** | 1.18*** |
| (1.73) | (0.31) | (1.18) | (0.49) | (0.63) | (0.32) | (1.51) | (0.30) | |
| Control variables | ||||||||
| Female | 0.94 | −0.96*** | 0.93 | −0.23 | 0.86 | −0.67* | 0.89 | −0.93*** |
| (0.13) | (0.19) | (0.20) | (0.28) | (0.13) | (0.28) | (0.13) | (0.18) | |
| Married | 0.91 | −0.28 | 1.01 | 0.11 | 1.18 | −0.22 | 0.91 | −0.28 |
| (0.12) | (0.17) | (0.22) | (0.30) | (0.20) | (0.24) | (0.13) | (0.17) | |
| Age | 1.03** | 0.03*** | 1.00 | −0.02 | 1.01 | −0.02 | 1.04*** | 0.02** |
| (0.01) | (0.01) | (0.01) | (0.02) | (0.01) | (0.01) | (0.01) | (0.01) | |
| Years of education | 1.01 | 0.00 | 0.99 | −0.01 | 0.99 | 0.07* | 1.01 | 0.00 |
| (0.01) | (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.03) | (0.01) | (0.03) | (0.01) | (0.02) | |
| Living alone | 0.97 | −0.29 | 1.06 | 0.16 | 2.34*** | −0.67** | 1.17 | −0.29 |
| (0.14) | (0.20) | (0.22) | (0.29) | (0.37) | (0.24) | (0.17) | (0.19) | |
| Poverty status: Welfare recipients | 1.28 | 0.14 | 1.07 | 0.61* | 1.62*** | 1.46*** | 1.36* | 0.21 |
| (0.17) | (0.16) | (0.20) | (0.27) | (0.21) | (0.26) | (0.20) | (0.16) | |
| MoCA | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.99 | 0.05 | 1.00 | −0.03 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
| (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.04) | (0.02) | (0.03) | (0.02) | (0.02) | |
| Previous diagnosis of depression/anxiety | 1.56 | 0.19 | 1.39 | 0.06 | 1.10 | 0.08 | 1.48 | 0.19 |
| (0.36) | (0.16) | (0.38) | (0.40) | (0.23) | (0.26) | (0.35) | (0.16) | |
| With more than four chronic diseases | 2.18*** | 0.12 | 2.80*** | 0.19 | 1.27 | 0.34 | 2.45*** | 0.19 |
| (0.48) | (0.16) | (0.60) | (0.29) | (0.23) | (0.38) | (0.60) | (0.15) | |
| Constant | 0.53 | 6.33*** | 0.05* | 8.26*** | 0.03*** | 7.64*** | 0.27 | 6.79*** |
| (0.44) | (0.85) | (0.07) | (1.76) | (0.03) | (1.18) | (0.22) | (0.83) | |
Notes: MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; OR, odds ratio; s.e., standard error; β, coefficient; GLM, generalised linear model; Standard errors in parentheses. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.