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. 2020 Sep 22;5(1):e51. doi: 10.1017/cts.2020.545

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© The Association for Clinical and Translational Science 2020

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the same Creative Commons licence is included and the original work is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use.

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Fig. 3. — Two-stage functional principal components analysis for sparse longitudinal data (FPCA) shows poorer glycemic control at nighttime and on weekends (three-dimensional manifold plots of FPCA on the CGM cohort). In each plot, the hour of CGM (0–24 h represents 12–12 am) is on the lower left axis; day of week is on the lower right axis; magnitude is on the upper axis. The vertical axes represent (A) glucose level (mg/dL); (B–C) degree of oscillatory variability in the first and second FPCs, respectively, which are unitless quantities. The vertical heatmap bars depict values ranging from lower magnitudes (blue) to higher magnitudes (red). (A) Smoothed CGM tracings for 10 representative patients, (B) the first harmonic, and (C) the second harmonic.