Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusa
| Variables | Apo A-II genotype | |
|---|---|---|
| CC | TT + TC | |
| Number of participants, n (%) | 94 (12⋅1) | 684 (87⋅9) |
| Age (year) | 55 ± 6 | 54 ± 7 |
| Male/ Female, n (%) | 37/57 (39⋅4/60⋅6) | 268/415 (39⋅2/60⋅8) |
| Smoking, Yes/No, n (%) | 10/84 (10⋅6/89⋅4) | 138/545 (20⋅2/79⋅8) |
| Physical activity (MET h/d) | 36⋅96 ± 1⋅12 | 37⋅33 ± 1⋅15 |
| Medical history | ||
| Diabetes duration (≤5 years), n (%) | 35 (37⋅2) | 305 (44⋅7) |
| Diabetes duration (>5 years), n (%) | 59 (62⋅8) | 378 (55⋅3) |
| History of CVD, Yes/No, n (%) | 37/57 (39⋅4/60⋅6) | 256/427 (37⋅5/62⋅5) |
| Supplement use, Yes/No, n (%)b | 47/47 (50/50) | 333/345 (49⋅1/50⋅9) |
| Lipid-lowering medication, Yes/No, n (%)c | 56/38 (59⋅6/40⋅4) | 390/292 (57⋅2/42⋅8) |
| Glucose-lowering medication, Yes/No, n (%)d | 88/6 (93⋅6/6⋅4) | 635/48 (93/7) |
| Food intake | ||
| Energy (kcal/d) | 2416⋅31 ± 1⋅43 | 2465⋅13 ± 1⋅37 |
| Carbohydrate (g/d) | 323⋅75 ± 1⋅46 | 320⋅53 ± 1⋅40 |
| Protein (g/d) | 83⋅93 ± 1⋅46 | 84⋅77 ± 1⋅39 |
| Fat (g/d) | 92⋅75 ± 1⋅53 | 94⋅63 ± 1⋅53 |
| Fibre (g/d) | 40⋅04 ± 1⋅53 | 38⋅09 ± 1⋅55 |
| Dietary total antioxidant capacity | ||
| FRAP (mmol Fe2+/100 g) | 15⋅48 ± 3⋅27 | 15⋅48 ± 3⋅18 |
| TRAP (mmol TE/kg) | 8⋅00 ± 1⋅35 | 8⋅67 ± 1⋅58 |
| TEAC (mmol TE/kg) | 7⋅38 ± 1⋅49 | 7⋅84 ± 1⋅52 |
| ORAC (μmol TE/100 g) | 28 853⋅88 ± 1⋅50 | 27 722⋅57 ± 1⋅44 |
Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; MET, metabolic equivalents; FRAP, ferric reducing ability of plasma; TRAP, total reactive antioxidant potential; TEAC, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity; ORAC, oxygen radical absorbance capacity.
a
All data are mean ± sd unless indicated.
b
Supplements of vitamins and minerals.
c
Statins, gemfibrozil and nicotinamide.
d
Metformin, glibenclamide and thiazolidionedione.