Table 4.

Recommendations to support HVs and CMs to approach eligible patients about research participation

TDF domain	Barriers to be addressed	Enablers to leverage	Recommendations for future intervention options
Environmental context and resources	Time constraints Insufficient staff Language barriers	High-quality accessible study materials	1. Researchers ensure that study materials and recruitment procedures minimise the study burden for healthcare professionals. Co-production materials and recruitment procedures with relevant staff would support this and potentially contribute a positive social influence.
Social/professional role and identity	Rejection of relevance of this activity to their professional role; concern for role conflict.	Belief in relevance of participant approach to improvements in care and practice	2. Include in study materials and training provided for staff involved in recruitment clear information about the health and care consequences of approaching/not approaching all eligible patients about research opportunities.
Social influences	Beliefs about service users; unsupportive researchers	Team, researchers management influence	3. Seek opportunities to provide positive social influence from peers, management and researchers. For example, researchers involving staff in the design of recruitment procedures and materials, researchers being available, responsive and supportive throughout the recruitment period, management fostering a positive research culture.
Goals	Research support is not a commissioned target	Belief of link to quality of health care	4. Address through recommendation 2.
Beliefs about capabilities	Lack of confidence when time is short, in challenging clinical situations, or if study knowledge is felt to be lacking.	Confidence to approach service users when staff feel supported by researchers and equipped with appropriate knowledge	5. Seek evidence of past successes of approaching eligible patients in more challenging clinical situations and discuss with healthcare practitioners so they are better prepared for this challenge. 6. Address environmental and knowledge related barriers through recommendations 1 and 7.
Knowledge	Poor knowledge of study procedures, study rationale and research topic	Knowledge of study procedures, study rationale and research topic	7. At study set up, researchers provide training that builds procedural knowledge of the recruitment and study processes, and provides a good understanding of the study rationale and the research topic.