Fig 2. Structural equation modeling of the variables associated with nomophobia.
—observed variable;
—latent variable;
—impact of one variable on another; e—residual error in the prediction of an unobserved factor; * p<0.001; BDS = Beirut Distress Scale; HAM-A = Hamilton Anxiety Scale; HAM-D = Hamilton Depression Scale; LIS = Lebanese Insomnia Scale; BARRAT scale used to measure impulsiveness.