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. 2021 Apr 20;16(4):e0249890. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249890

Table 2. Bivariate analysis of factors associated with nomophobia.

Variable Nomophobia score p
No nomophobia Mild nomophobia Moderate nomophobia Severe nomophobia
Gender 0.004
Male 20 (44.4%) 354 (46.3%) 414 (38.2%) 135 (38.7%)
Female 25 (55.6%) 410 (53.7%) 671 (61.8%) 214 (61.3%)
Parental status 0.128
Living together 33 (71.7%) 643 (83.6%) 903 (82.9%) 298 (85.4%)
Separated 13 (28.3%) 126 (16.4%) 186 (17.1%) 51 (14.6%)
Impulsivity 72.37 ± 7.12 71.81 ± 7.15 72.87 ± 6.34 74.25 ± 7.46 <0.001
Self-esteem 29.06 ± 6.18 29.36 ± 4.49 29.21 ± 4.37 29.23 ± 5.06 0.787
Stress 6.24 ± 9.53 10.15 ± 11.20 12.40 ± 13.58 11.88 ± 13.86 0.003
Anxiety 3.56 ± 7.37 7.12 ± 9.19 9.93 ± 11.15 11.30 ± 12.94 <0.001
Depression 3.24 ± 5.07 5.88 ± 7.60 7.51 ± 8.74 7.63 ± 8.89 <0.001
Insomnia 34.29 ± 19.70 39.14 ± 19.31 40.32 ± 19.80 40.99 ± 20.20 <0.001
Age 33.65 ± 12.10 30.86 ± 12.87 26.00 ± 10.20 26.72 ± 10.87 <0.001
House crowding index 0.92 ± 0.34 1.06 ± 0.46 1.08 ± 0.49 1.09 ± 0.47 0.238
Body Mass Index 25.68 ± 3.10 24.66 ± 4.56 24.35 ± 10.06 24.56 ± 4.54 <0.001

Numbers in bold indicate significant p-values.