Table 2.
Cox proportional hazards model for progression‐free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) estimation—multivariable analysis. Abbreviations: GTR = gross total resection; HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval; RT = radiotherapy; STR = subtotal resection; WHO = World Health Organization.
| n = 379 patients | n = 193 patients | n = 186 patients | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PFS | ||||||||||||
| Variable | All patients | Pediatric only | Adult only | |||||||||
| HR | Lower CI | Upper CI | P | HR | Lower CI | Upper CI | P | HR | Lower CI | Upper CI | P | |
| Gender (male vs. female) | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 0.3827 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 0.7229 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 2.7 | 0.1552 |
| Age, years (≥4 vs. <4) | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.0135 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 0.1032 | — | — | — | — |
| Location (supratentorial vs. infratentorial) | 1.6 | 1.1 | 2.4 | 0.0082 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 0.2620 | 2.6 | 1.4 | 4.7 | 0.0017 |
| WHO histologic grade (III vs. II) | 2.3 | 1.4 | 3.9 | 0.0012 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 2.8 | 0.1819 | 2.3 | 0.9 | 5.9 | 0.0820 |
| Level of resection (STR vs. GTR) | 1.7 | 1.2 | 2.5 | 0.0031 | 2.0 | 1.2 | 3.1 | 0.0042 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 2.8 | 0.3273 |
| Irradiation (RT vs. no RT) | 1.1 | 0.6 | 1.9 | 0.8636 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 0.9295 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 5.3 | 0.4986 |
| Nestin protein expression (positive vs. negative) | 2.4 | 1.6 | 3.4 | 0.0000 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 3.0 | 0.0241 | 3.2 | 1.8 | 5.9 | 0.0002 |
| OS | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | All patients | Pediatric only | Adult only | |||||||||
| HR | Lower CI | Upper CI | P | HR | Lower CI | Upper CI | P | HR | Lower CI | Upper CI | P | |
| Gender (male vs. female) | 1.2 | 0.7 | 2.0 | 0.5061 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 0.4779 | 2.6 | 1.0 | 6.8 | 0.0637 |
| Age, years (≥4 vs. <4) | 0.6 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 0.2491 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 1.7 | 0.3264 | — | — | — | — |
| Location (supratentorial vs. infratentorial) | 1.5 | 0.9 | 2.5 | 0.1721 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 3.1 | 0.1972 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 3.3 | 0.7686 |
| WHO histologic grade (III vs. II) | 3.0 | 1.3 | 6.8 | 0.0101 | 2.5 | 0.9 | 7.0 | 0.0869 | 4.9 | 1.0 | 25.7 | 0.0581 |
| Level of resection (STR vs. GTR) | 1.9 | 1.1 | 3.2 | 0.0241 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 2.6 | 0.2910 | 3.5 | 1.1 | 10.6 | 0.0294 |
| Irradiation (RT vs. no RT) | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 0.3539 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 2.0 | 0.5177 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 0.2464 |
| Nestin protein expression (positive vs. negative) | 2.7 | 1.5 | 4.9 | 0.0010 | 2.1 | 1.0 | 4.4 | 0.0616 | 3.1 | 1.1 | 8.7 | 0.0307 |
All boldface are HR and P‐value of statistically significant parameters.