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. 2021 Apr 20;129(4):045002. doi: 10.1289/EHP8572

Figure 2.

Figure 2 is a tabular representation with two main columns listing Design consideration category and Pandemic phase. The column Pandemic phase is subdivided into four columns: Initiation, Acceleration, Deceleration, and Preparation for future pandemic. Row 1: Hypothetical number of cases: a normal distribution curve that spans the four columns, showing an increase in cases followed by a symmetric decline in cases. Row 2: Measurement objective: Detection; Quantification; Quantification; and Detection. Row 3: Sample frequency: Weekly; At least 2 to 3 times per week; At least 2 to 3 times per week; and Weekly. Row 4: Sampling prioritization: Sentinel sites; Vulnerable population; Transmission nodes; and Sentinel sites. Row 5: Sampling method: Composite sample or grab sample; Flow-based composite sample; Flow-based composite sample; and Composite sample or grab sample.

Design considerations for wastewater surveillance in communities at different stages of a pandemic. The figure provides recommendations for sampling frequency, location, and type during different phases of disease threat prevalence, defined using the Pandemic Intervals Framework from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.