Table 3. .

Participants: Data items extracted for characterization and appraisal

Data item
1	What language did the participants speak?
2	What were the inclusion criteria for the individuals with aphasia? (e.g., lesion location and/or extent; aphasia type and/or severity; preserved functions necessary for task performance)
3	How many individuals with aphasia participated? Were any excluded, and if so, for what reason? How many controls participated?
4	Were any of the participants included in any previous studies?
5	Is age reported for patients and controls, and matched? How old were the patients? (mean, standard deviation, median, range, as available)
6	Is sex reported for patients and controls, and matched? How many of the patients were male and how many were female?
7	Is handedness reported for patients and controls, and matched? How many of the patients were right-handed, left-handed, or something else?
8	Is time post-stroke onset reported and appropriate to the study design? What was the time post-onset? (mean, standard deviation, median, range, as available)
9	To what extent is the nature of the aphasia characterized? (comprehensive battery of scores/severity and type/severity/type/not at all)
10	How was language function evaluated?
11	What was the patients’ aphasia severity?
12	What was the patients’ aphasia type?
13	Did patients have only a single stroke? (yes/no/not stated)
14	What was the etiology of the strokes? (ischemic/hemorrhagic/mixed/not stated)
15	To what extent is the lesion distribution characterized? (individual lesions shown/lesion overlay shown/extent and location/extent/location/not at all)
16	How large were the patients’ lesions? (mean, standard deviation, median, range, as available)
17	Where were the patients’ lesions?