Table 1.

Updated commonly used next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms.

Company name with platforms	Launched year	Applications/sequencing mechanism	Maximum read length (nucleotide)
Roche/454, GS FLX (genome sequencing)	2005	Pyrosequencing	~1,000 bp
Illumina, MiSeq, HiSeq 2500, HiSeq 4000, Novate	2006	Reversible terminator	~300 bp
Helicos BioSciences, Single Molecule Sequencing (SMS)	2009	Fluorescent	~200 nt
PacBio, Sequel	2011	Real time	~15 kb
Ion Torrent/Thermo Fisher, PGM (Personal Genome Machine)	2012	Detection of hydrogen ion	~400 bp
Oxford Nanopore, MinION/GridION	2015	Real time	>2 Mb
SeqLL, “True Single Molecule Sequencing (tSMS)”	2017	Helicos sequencing/HeliScope single-molecule sequencers	~1,500 bp