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. 2021 Apr 21;73(3):712–727. doi: 10.1007/s43440-021-00255-x

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© Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences 2021

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

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Fig. 2 — Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) inhibits gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Owing to this inhibition, glutathione (GSH) synthesis pathway is blocked and GSH level is decreased. Without anti-oxidant defence, lung cells are exposed to more injury [48]