Table III.
Incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) patients
| Observational studies | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author | Study design | Month, year | Country | Patients (N) | Age (years) mean ± SD | CAPA incidence (%) (proven/probable/putative) | Proven CAPA (%) | Time to CAPA (D) mean ± SD | Mortality (%) | IMV (%) | Median IMV duration (D) | Hospital LOS (D) mean ± SD |
| Alanio et al. [21] | Prospective cohort, single-centre | June 2020 | Italy | 27 | 63.0 ± 11.1 | 33.3 | NR | 3.0 (IMV) | 44.4 | 100 | NR | NR |
| Bartoletti et al. [22] | Prospective cohort, multi-centre | July 2020 | Italy | 108 | 63.0 ± 9.6 | 27.7 | NR | 4.0 ± 4.44 (ICU) | 44.0 | 100 | 13.0 ± 11.9 | 16.0 ± 13.3 (ICU) |
| Chauvet et al. [26] | Retrospective cohort, single-centre | November 2020 | France | 46 | 66.5 ± 6.8 | 13.0 | NR | 11.7 ± 9.7 (ICU) | 66.7 | 100 | NR | NR |
| Delliere et al. [25] | Retrospective cohort, multi-centre | December 2020 | France | 108 | 63.0 ± 8.5 | 19.4 | NR | 16.0 ± 8.9 (Symptoms), 6.0 ± 10.4 (ICU) | 71.4 | 100 | NR | 21.1 ± 17.6 |
| Dupont et al. [43] | Prospective cohort, multi-centre | August 2020 | France | 106 | 69.0 ± 8.1 | 17.9 | NR | 10.0 ± 5.9 (ICU) | 35.3 | 100 | NR | NR |
| Gangneux et al. [15] | Prospective cohort, single-centre | July 2020 | France | 45 | 70.0 ± 8.9 | 15.6 | NR | NR | 28.6 | 100 | 18.0 ± 13.3 | 27.0 ± 11.9 (ICU) |
| Helleberg et al. [60] | Retrospective cohort, single-centre | August 2020 | Denmark | 25 | 58.0 ± 0.0 | 8.0 | NR | 3.0 (IMV) | 100 | 100 | NR | 37.5 ± 0.0 |
| Koehler et al. [28] | Retrospective cohort, single-centre | June 2020 | Germany | 19 | 62.0 ± 13.2 | 26.3 | NR | NR | 60.0 | 100 | NR | NR |
| Lahmer et al. [29] | Prospective cohort, multi-centre | March 2021 | Germany | 32 | 69.5 ± 42.2 | 34.4 | NR | 4.0 ± 4.4 (ICU) | 36.4 | 100 | 20.0 ±14.8 | 21.0 ± 14.1 (ICU) |
| Lamoth et al. [42] | Retrospective cohort, single-centre | December 2020 | Switzerland | 118 | 65.0 ± 0.0 | 3.8 | NR | 8.0 (Symptoms), 7.0 (ICU), 6.0 (IMV) | 33.3 | 100 | NR | 22.3 ± 0.0 |
| Machado et al. [24] | Prospective cohort, single-centre | November 2020 | Spain | 239 | 64.5 ± 16.9 | 2.5 | NR | 15.0 (ICU) | 100 | 100 | NR | NR |
| Meijer et al. [61] | Retrospective cohort, single-centre | February 2021 | Netherlands | 66 | 67.3 ± 7.3 | 19.7 | NR | NR | 46.2 | 100 | NR | 31.8 ± 11.6 (ICU) |
| Nasir et al. [19] | Retrospective cohort, single-centre | August 2020 | Pakistan | 147 | 71.0 ± 25.2 | 3.4 | NR | 4.0 ± 5.6 (Admission) | 60.0 | 40.0 | NR | 16.0 ± 10.4 |
| Roman-Montes et al. [27] | Retrospective cohort, single-centre | November 2020 | Mexico | 144 | 48.3 ± 11.7 | 9.7 | NR | NR | 57.1 | 100 | NR | NR |
| Rutsaert et al. [20] | Retrospective cohort, single-centre | June 2020 | Belgium | 20 | 66.0 ± 15.6 | 35.0 | 57.1 | 8.0 ± 5.9 (IMV) | 57.1 | 100 | NR | 21.0 ± 11.9 |
| Van Arkel et al. [62] | Retrospective cohort, single-centre | May 2020 | Netherlands | 31 | 62.5 ± 29.6 | 19.4 | NR | 11.5 ± 25.2 (Symptoms), 5.0 ± 18.5 (ICU) | 66.7 | 100 | NR | 10.5 ± 31.9 (ICU) |
| Van Biesen et al. [23] | Retrospective cohort, single-centre | July 2020 | Netherlands | 42 | 68.0 ± 27.4 | 21.4 | NR | 3.0 ± 3.0 (Admission) | 22.2 | 100 | NR | 37.0 ± 15.6 (ICU) |
| Velez Pintado et al. [63] | Retrospective cohort, single-centre | March 2021 | Mexico | 83 | 64.0 ± 10.0 | 19.3 | NR | NR | 31.3 | 100 | NR | NR |
| Versyck et al. [64] | Retrospective cohort, single-centre | February 2021 | France | 56 | 63.5 ± 8.5 | 3.6 | NR | 11.0 ± 6.0 (Admission) | 100 | 100 | 18.0 ± 0.0 | 23.0 ± 5.0 |
D, days; ICU, intensive care unit; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; LOS, length of stay; NR, non reported/negative; SD, standard deviation; Y, years.