Table 1.

Effect of management systems (ConExF vs. H23) on behavioral states recorded during 60 min of observation period in dromedary camels (n = 6): housed in a single box for 23 h with 1 h in a paddock (H23), and exposed for 17 h to females (ConExF). Data are expressed as LSM ± SE. Means followed by different letters differ significantly: ^A,BP<0.01; ^a,bP<0.05

Behavioral states (s/60 min)	Management systems
	H23	ConExF	P value
Feeding	801.4 ± 54.0A	294.3 ± 54.0B	<0.0001
Rumination	209.3 ± 32.5A	85 ± 32.5B	0.007
Resting	133.6 ± 34.6a	8.6 ± 34.6b	0.010
Standing	300.7 ± 33.4A	107.9 ± 33.4B	<0.0001
Walking	4.3 ± 12.7b	103.4 ± 12.7a	0.030
Stereotypies	889.3 ± 103.4A	505 ± 103.4B	0.009
Standing opening legs	594.3 ± 72.5	753.6 ± 72.5	0.12
Standing tripods	35.7 ± 30.2b	133.6 ± 30.2a	0.020
Looking outside	631.4 ± 97.0B	1608.6 ± 97.0A	<0.0001