Table 1.
Summary of procedures performed and successful completion in cadavers
| Procedure | Number performed | Number successfully completed | Number of lead surgeons | Number of port configurations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cholecystectomy | 17 | 17 | 7 | 6 |
| Gallbladder antegrade dissection | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Nissen Fundoplication | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Splenectomy | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Splenic flexure mobilisation | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| Left hemicolectomy combined with low anterior resectiona | 5 | 3 | 3 | 5 |
| Low anterior resectionb | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
| Total mesorectal excisionc | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Total | 38 | 35 (92.1%) | – | 26 |
aOne procedure could not be completed due to unsuitable port placement, and in another low anterior resection could not be completed due to faecal impaction of the colon, prohibiting access to the rectum
bOne procedure could not be completed due to unsuitable port placement
cTotal mesorectal excision covers a subset of steps required for a full low anterior resection procedure; total mesorectal excision was performed in isolation in three cadavers to further evaluate the robot’s ability to complete this procedure