Table 4.

Clinical studies of oxandrolone use in patients with major burn injury

Patient information	Dose of oxandrolone treatment	Duration of oxandrolone treatment	Primary outcomes	Study
Acute phase post-burn
Oxandrolone (n = 7) Placebo (n = 7) <18 years >20% TBSA	0.1 mg/kg oral twice daily	1 week	Increased muscle protein net balance, protein synthesis efficiency and muscle protein breakdown	[1]
Oxandrolone (n = 46) Placebo (n = 35) >18 years 20-60% TBSA	10 mg oral or via enteral feeding tube every 12 hours	Beginning 5 days after injury, stopped halfway due to significant difference found between group	Significant reduction of length of hospital stay	[81]
Oxandrolone (n = 11) Placebo (n = 9)	20 mg/day	Beginning between days 2 and 3 post-burn, average 33 ± 9 days until transfer to rehabilitation	Decreased weight loss and net protein loss Increased donor site wound healing	[76]
Oxandrolone (n = 16) Placebo (n = 24)	20 mg/day	Beginning between days 7–10 post-burn monitoring until transfer to rehabilitation	Decreased weight loss and net protein loss Increased donor site wound healing	[70]
Oxandrolone (n = 59) Placebo (n = 58)	Not available	Administration within 7 days after admission with a duration of at least 7 days	Increased survival rate	[83]
Oxandrolone (n = 7) Placebo (n = 7) <18 years	0.1 mg/kg twice daily	5 days	Increased protein synthesis, altered gene expression but no effect on protein breakdown	[84]
Oxandrolone (n = 45) Placebo (n = 190) <18 years	0.1 mg/kg twice daily	30 days	Significantly reduced length of intensive care unit stay Increased LBM and muscle strength	[71]
Recovery phase post-burn
Oxandrolone (n = 30) Placebo (n = 31) ≤18 years ≥40% TBSA	0.1 mg/kg twice daily	12 months post-burn	Increased lean body mass, bone mineral content and muscle strength	[85]
Oxandrolone (n = 35) Placebo (n = 84) 0–18 years ≥30% TBSA	0.1 mg/kg Oral Twice daily	12.1–25.2 months post-burn	Increased whole-body bone mineral content, lumbar spine bone mineral content and density	[86]
Oxandrolone (n = 12) Placebo (n = 10) ≤18 years ≥40%TBSA	0.1 mg/kg twice daily	6 months post-burn	Increased net deposition of leg muscle protein but no effect on whole-body protein breakdown	[80]
Oxandrolone (n = 14) Placebo (n = 18) <18 years	0.1 mg/kg twice daily Oral or via feeding tube	From 7 days after acute admission for the duration of hospitalization	Increased body weight, fat-free mass after treatment	[82]
Oxandrolone (n = 10) Placebo (n = 11) TBSA ≥40% <18 years	0.1 mg/kg twice daily	12 months post-burn	Increased constitutive protein level and decreased acute phase protein	[65]
Oxandrolone (n = 42) Placebo (n = 42)	0.1 mg/kg twice daily	12 months post-burn	Increased lean body mass and bone mineral content Clitoromegaly with oxandrolone in 2 children, leading to oxandrolone discontinuation	[77]

TBSA total body surface area burned