Table 3.
The proportion estimates of underlying medical diseases and associated COVID-19 severity and mortality by gender distribution.
| Male dominant studies (≤ 50%) | Female dominant studies (> 50%) | p value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | P (95% CI) | I2 | N | P (95% CI) | I2 | ||
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| One comorbidity | 57 | 0.51 (0.44, 0.57) | 99.5 | 17 | 0.53 (0.40, 0.65) | 98.4 | 0.728 |
| Multiple comorbidities | 8 | 0.27 (0.15, 0.40) | 99.8 | 3 | 0.33 (0.16, 0.54) | ID | 0.617 |
| HTN | 68 | 0.33 (0.28, 0.38) | 99.1 | 23 | 0.28 (0.22, 0.34) | 99.0 | 0.175 |
| DM | 73 | 0.19 (0.16, 0.22) | 98.4 | 27 | 0.16 (0.12, 0.20) | 98.7 | 0.112 |
| CVD | 70 | 0.16 (0.13, 0.20) | 99.0 | 26 | 0.14 (0.08, 0.22) | 99.6 | 0.498 |
| Obesity | 18 | 0.26 (0.17, 0.35) | 99.5 | 6 | 0.22 (0.08, 0.40) | 99.8 | 0.957 |
| CVA | 24 | 0.05 (0.03, 0.06) | 88.4 | 9 | 0.04 (0.02, 0.06) | 88.4 | 0.483 |
| Lung disease | 65 | 0.09 (0.07, 0.11) | 97.4 | 22 | 0.08 (0.05, 0.12) | 98.9 | 0.793 |
| Cancer/malignancy | 44 | 0.06 (0.04, 0.07) | 96.8 | 16 | 0.04 (0.01, 0.07) | 98.8 | 0.478 |
| CKD/other renal disease | 43 | 0.07 (0.05, 0.10) | 98.8 | 17 | 0.04 (0.02, 0.06) | 97.9 | 0.091 |
| Liver disease | 29 | 0.06 (0.03, 0.09) | 98.6 | 16 | 0.03 (0.01, 0.06) | 97.0 | 0.508 |
| Severity | |||||||
| One comorbidity | 30 | 0.40 (0.35, 0.45) | 96.8 | 8 | 0.46 (0.34, 0.58) | 84.5 | 0.250 |
| No comorbidity | 30 | 0.17 (0.14, 0.21) | 95.4 | 8 | 0.27 (0.13, 0.43) | 94.4 | 0.682 |
| Multiple comorbidities | 7 | 0.38 (0.25, 0.53) | 98.5 | 1 | 1.00 (0.63, 1.00) | ID | 0.154 |
| HTN | 43 | 0.38 (0.33, 0.43) | 92.4 | 15 | 0.44 (0.37, 0.52) | 86.5 | 0.288 |
| DM | 42 | 0.41 (0.36, 0.46) | 86.3 | 18 | 0.48 (0.38, 0.57) | 89.7 | 0.414 |
| CVD | 41 | 0.43 (0.36, 0.50) | 89.2 | 16 | 0.47 (0.37, 0.58) | 86.2 | 0.900 |
| Obesity | 12 | 0.32 (0.24, 0.40) | 94.5 | 4 | 0.36 (0.19, 0.55) | 95.5 | 0.472 |
| CVA | 15 | 0.39 (0.28, 0.50) | 64.9 | 6 | 0.54 (0.35, 0.73) | 70.8 | 0.293 |
| Lung disease | 37 | 0.41 (0.34, 0.49) | 85.0 | 15 | 0.42 (0.29, 0.56) | 79.7 | 0.517 |
| Cancer/malignancy | 23 | 0.34 (0.24, 0.45) | 81.5 | 11 | 0.44 (0.28, 0.60) | 54.5 | 0.809 |
| CKD/other renal disease | 25 | 0.40 (0.31, 0.49) | 80.0 | 9 | 0.76 (0.45, 0.98) | 88.7 | < 0.001 |
| Liver disease | 18 | 0.23 (0.12, 0.35) | 58.5 | 11 | 0.27 (0.14, 0.43) | 41.5 | 0.922 |
| Mortality | |||||||
| One comorbidity | 24 | 0.29 (0.22, 0.36) | 98.9 | 9 | 0.24 (0.15, 0.34) | 94.3 | 0.514 |
| No comorbidity | 24 | 0.10 (0.06, 0.15) | 98.7 | 9 | 0.01 (0.00, 0.03) | 48.1 | 0.160 |
| Multiple comorbidities | 6 | 0.19 (0.14, 0.25) | 96.4 | 1 | 0.26 (0.18, 0.36) | ID | 0.804 |
| HTN | 31 | 0.33 (0.28, 0.38) | 96.4 | 12 | 0.26 (0.17, 0.37) | 98.0 | 0.098 |
| DM | 35 | 0.35 (0.29, 0.41) | 96.7 | 15 | 0.29 (0.19, 0.39) | 96.4 | 0.189 |
| CVD | 35 | 0.43 (0.38, 0.49) | 95.6 | 14 | 0.36 (0.23, 0.49) | 95.0 | 0.151 |
| Obesity | 8 | 0.32 (0.22, 0.43) | 96.8 | 4 | 0.17 (0.08, 0.28) | 87.9 | 0.205 |
| CVA | 11 | 0.47 (0.32, 0.62) | 80.9 | 4 | 0.39 (0.08, 0.73) | 74.9 | 0.870 |
| Lung disease | 31 | 0.37 (0.29, 0.44) | 91.8 | 10 | 0.26 (0.17, 0.36) | 84.4 | 0.410 |
| Cancer/malignancy | 22 | 0.36 (0.27, 0.45) | 86.7 | 7 | 0.24 (0.16, 0.34) | 25.5 | 0.334 |
| CKD/other renal disease | 23 | 0.44 (0.36, 0.53) | 93.1 | 10 | 0.44 (0.23, 0.66) | 96.4 | 0.565 |
| Liver disease | 13 | 0.29 (0.13, 0.48) | 93.7 | 6 | 0.38 (0.07, 0.75) | 72.0 | 0.803 |
N Number of studies, P Proportion, CI Confidence interval, ID Insufficient data, HTN Hypertension, DM Diabetes mellitus, CVD Cardiovascular disease, CVA Cerebrovascular accident, CKD Chronic kidney disease, I2 Index for between studies heterogeneity.