Table 1.
Characteristics of participants undergoing three different exercise interventions.
| Variables | AE (n = 11) | RE (n = 11) | CE (n = 11) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 45.5 ± 10.0 | 43.6 ± 15.9 | 45.4 ± 7.2 | 0.914 |
| Duration of HT (months) (95%CI) | 96 (19–202) | 96 (40–214) | 60 (18–187) | 0.905 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.0 ± 3.6 | 30.5 ± 3.3 | 30.6 ± 4.4 | 0.491 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 96 ± 13 | 103 ± 11 | 100 ± 13 | 0.455 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 132 ± 11 | 137 ± 10 | 137 ± 9 | 0.437 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 80 ± 6 | 83 ± 10 | 81 ± 10 | 0.610 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 97.7 ± 12.2 | 102.8 ± 13.3 | 100.1 ± 18.8 | 0.773 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.5 ± 0.4 | 5.7 ± 0.8 | 0.337 |
| GFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 91.2 ± 14.3 | 99.7 ± 21.5 | 91.2 ± 18.3 | 0.458 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 123.8 ± 40.2 | 144.0 ± 48.2 | 206.6 ± 111.2* | 0.040 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 192.0 ± 33.2 | 217.0 ± 73.3 | 197.1 ± 57.8 | 0.562 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 49.0 ± 12.4 | 45.4 ± 11.2 | 36.8 ± 7.4*† | 0.032 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 118.2 ± 27.9 | 111.9 ± 42.4 | 100.8 ± 66.5 | 0.697 |
| VO2peak (mL/kg/min)** | 47.4 ± 9.7 | 44.3 ± 10.3 | 42.8 ± 9.5 | 0.552 |
| METs/week—IPAQ | 1154 ± 1224 | 1986 ± 1866 | 1067 ± 1070 | 0.265 |
| 1-RM test for knee extension (kg) | 71.8 ± 8.6 | 64.6 ± 15.0 | 66.0 ± 23.2 | 0.594 |
| 1-RM test for knee flexion (kg) | 74.9 ± 14.0 | 70.8 ± 14.6 | 72.9 ± 16.7 | 0.826 |
| 1-RM test for leg press (kg) | 110.3 ± 13.6 | 107.3 ± 11.3 | 98.6 ± 12.1 | 0.097 |
| 1-RM test for plantar flexion (kg) | 105.9 ± 11.2 | 107.4 ± 11.3 | 101.3 ± 8.9 | 0.387 |
| Antihypertensive drugs | ||||
| Diuretics (n) | 2 | 1 | 0 | – |
| Additional diuretics in the drug schedule (n) | 6 | 6 | 7 | – |
| ACEI/ARBs (n) | 9 | 10 | 10 | – |
| Calcium channel blockers (n) | 0 | 2 | 4 | – |
| Betablockers (n) | 0 | 0 | 1 | – |
Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Duration of hypertension is expressed as median (95% CI). AE: aerobic exercise session; RE: resistance exercise session; CE: combined exercise session; GFR (glomerular filtration rate) was calculated by The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin.
**VO2peak: peak oxygen consumption predicted by the Bruce protocol; METs: metabolic equivalents; ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs: angiotensin II receptor antagonists. ANOVA one-way with Bonferroni post-hoc test.
*p < 0.05 versus AE.
†p < 0.05 versus RE.