Table 2.
Diameter of the brachial artery, time to peak flow-mediated dilation, shear rate and blood pressure in participants with hypertension undergoing three different exercise interventions.
| 10 min before exercise | 10 min after exercise | 40 min after exercise | 70 min after exercise | p-value (group) | p-value (time) | p-value (interaction) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline diameter (mm) | 0.820 | 0.233 | 0.222 | ||||
| AE | 4.6 ± 0.1 | 4.6 ± 0.2 | 4.7 ± 0.1 | 4.5 ± 0.1 | |||
| RE | 4.6 ± 0.2 | 4.6 ± 0.2 | 4.7 ± 0.1 | 4.6 ± 0.2 | |||
| CE | 4.4 ± 0.2 | 4.5 ± 0.3 | 4.5 ± 0.2 | 4.5 ± 0.2 | |||
| Peak diameter (mm)—FMD | 0.676 | 0.169 | 0.695 | ||||
| AE | 4.9 ± 0.1 | 4.9 ± 0.1 | 4.9 ± 0.1 | 4.9 ± 0.1 | |||
| RE | 5.0 ± 0.2 | 4.9 ± 0.2 | 5.0 ± 0.2 | 4.8 ± 0.2 | |||
| CE | 4.7 ± 0.3 | 4.7 ± 0.3 | 4.7 ± 0.2 | 4.6 ± 0.3 | |||
| Peak diameter (allometric scale)—FMD | 0.080 | 0.451 | 0.244 | ||||
| AE | 1.25 ± 0.07 | 1.27 ± 0.04 | 1.24 ± 0.07 | 1.28 ± 0.06 | |||
| RE | 1.26 ± 0.11 | 1.25 ± 0.05 | 1.25 ± 0.09 | 1.21 ± 0.03 | |||
| CE | 1.27 ± 0.14 | 1.23 ± 0.05 | 1.23 ± 0.05 | 1.21 ± 0.04 | |||
| Time to peak (s)—FMD | 0.005 | 0.105 | 0.330 | ||||
| AE | 58.1 ± 10.4 | 63.5 ± 12.1 | 70.7 ± 15.6 | 57.8 ± 14.9 | |||
| RE | 52.6 ± 9.3 | 74.5 ± 7.9 | 89.7 ± 16.2 | 95.4 ± 15.9 | |||
| CE | 86.4 ± 13.1 | 82.5 ± 13.9 | 97.7 ± 12.4 | 65.0 ± 8.0 | |||
| Mean resting SR-AUC (s, 103) | 0.007 | < 0.001 | 0.258 | ||||
| AE | 8.6 ± 1.6 | 12.6 ± 1.4 | 9.1 ± 1.0 | 5.9 ± 1.1 | |||
| RE | 10.5 ± 1.54 | 14.1 ± 1.8 | 8.8 ± 1.6 | 6.6 ± 1.4 | |||
| CE | 9.9 ± 1.1 | 17.9 ± 1.5 | 11.3 ± 1.5 | 10.5 ± 1.4 | |||
| Mean SR-AUC (s, 103)—FMD | 0.031 | 0.051 | 0.126 | ||||
| AE | 15.7 ± 2.7 | 23.0 ± 3.7 | 25.2 ± 5.8 | 14.1 ± 2.9 | |||
| RE | 16.2 ± 2.4 | 23.5 ± 3.4 | 21.2 ± 3.3 | 29.4 ± 5.1 | |||
| CE | 26.4 ± 5.6 | 27.7 ± 6.6 | 34.0 ± 4.1 | 30.7 ± 4.6 | |||
| Δ diameter adjusted by SR-AUC (mm/s, 103) | 0.140 | 0.717 | 0.159 | ||||
| AE | 0.015 ± 0.002 | 0.023 ± 0.009 | 0.011 ± 0.009 | 0.047 ± 0.018 | |||
| RE | 0.026 ± 0.011 | 0.104 ± 0.081 | 0.027 ± 0.007 | 0.009 ± 0.004 | |||
| CE | 0.017 ± 0.007 | 0.006 ± 0.004 | 0.010 ± 0.004 | 0.008 ± 0.002 | |||
| SBP (mmHg) | 0.304 | < 0.001 | 0.437 | ||||
| AE | 134.8 ± 5.4 | 134.5 ± 4.7 | 128.2 ± 4.9 | 130.7 ± 5.8 | |||
| RE | 139.3 ± 3.0 | 145.4 ± 3.3*†ǂ | 136.0 ± 3.2 | 138.5 ± 3.6 | |||
| CE | 138.9 ± 3.6 | 144.1 ± 3.5†ǂ | 131.3 ± 2.3* | 137.0 ± 2.7 | |||
| DBP (mmHg) | 0.982 | 0.002 | 0.405 | ||||
| AE | 84.2 ± 2.7 | 84.5 ± 2.9 | 78.2 ± 2.6 | 81.6 ± 3.3 | |||
| RE | 82.7 ± 4.1 | 82.0 ± 4.1 | 80.9 ± 3.4 | 81.6 ± 3.8 | |||
| CE | 82.0 ± 2.7 | 80.2 ± 2.7 | 80.2 ± 2.4 | 82.5 ± 3.5 | |||
Data described as mean ± standard error. AE: aerobic exercise session (n = 11); RE: resistance exercise session (n = 11); CE: combined exercise session (n = 10); Allometric scaling is given by [peak diameter/(baseline diameter)0,89]. Mean SR-AUC: area under the curve of mean resting shear rate (SR) to peak FMD; Δ diameter adjusted by SR-AUC is given by [(peak diameter minus baseline diameter) divided by (mean SR-AUC minus mean resting SR-AUC)] for each individual data. SBP: systolic blood pressure in supine position; DBP: diastolic blood pressure in supine position. GEE with Bonferroni post-hoc test was used.
*p < 0.05 versus 10 min before exercise.
†p < 0.05 versus 40 min after exercise.
ǂp < 0.05 versus 70 min after exercise.