Table 2.
Factors associated with HBV infection and HBV viremia.
| All (n = 1,137) | HBsAg (+) (n = 155) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HBsAg (+) | HBsAg (−) | p-value | HBV DNA (+) | HBV DNA (−) | p-value | |
| n | 155 (13.6%) | 982 (86.4%) | 126 (81.3%) | 29 (18.7%) | ||
| Age | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 46.1 ± 7.4 | 45.3 ± 9.9 | 0.227 | 45.9 ± 7.5 | 47.0 ± 7.2 | 0.466 |
| Before 1986 | 155 (100%) | 878 (89.4%) | 2.2 × 10–7 | 126 (100%) | 29 (100%) | N/A |
| After 1986 | 0 (0.0%) | 104 (10.6) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 154 (99.4%) | 976 (99.4%) | 1.000 | 125 (99.2%) | 29 (100%) | 1.000 |
| Female | 1 (0.6%) | 6 (0.6%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| AST (IU/ml) | 28.1 ± 14.2 | 26.0 ± 16.7 | 0.143 | 27.9 ± 14.4 | 29.0 ± 13.3 | 0.691 |
| ALT (IU/ml) | 35.1 ± 25.8 | 31.9 ± 30.5 | 0.219 | 35.3 ± 26.2 | 34.1 ± 24.6 | 0.821 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.8 ± 3.0 | 24.2 ± 3.6 | 0.173 | 23.7 ± 2.9 | 24.3 ± 3.1 | 0.208 |
| FIB-4 | 1.09 ± 0.81 | 0.93 ± 0.58 | 0.002 | 1.02 ± 0.59 | 1.41 ± 1.39 | 0.156 |
| IDU | ||||||
| Yes | 134 (86.5%) | 880 (89.6%) | 0.239 | 109 (86.5%) | 25 (86.2%) | 1.000 |
| No | 21 (13.5%) | 102 (10.4%) | 17 (13.5%) | 4 (13.8%) | ||
| NUC (n, %) | 6 (3.9%) | N/A | N/A | 5 (4.0%) | 1 (3.4%) | 1.000 |
| HBeAg in HBsAg(+) subjects | ||||||
| Positive | 15 (9.7%) | N/A | N/A | 13(10.3%) | 2 (6.9%) | 0.738 |
| Negative | 140 (90.3%) | 113 (89.7%) | 27 (93.1%) | |||
| Anti-HBe in HBsAg(+) subjects | ||||||
| Positive | 138 (89.0%) | N/A | N/A | 112 (88.9%) | 26 (89.7%) | 1.000 |
| Negative | 17 (11.0%) | 14 (11.1%) | 3 (10.3%) | |||
| Anti-HBs | ||||||
| Positive | 5 (3.2%) | 657 (67.2%) | 6.4 × 10–51 | 4 (3.2%) | 1 (3.4%) | 1.000 |
| Negative | 150 (96.8%) | 321 (32.8%) | 122 (96.8%) | 28 (96.6%) | ||
| Anti-HBc | ||||||
| Positive | 154 (99.4%) | 627 (64.2%) | 1.1 × 10–14 | 126 (100%) | 28 (96.6%) | 0.187 |
| Negative | 1 (0.6%) | 350 (35.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (3.4%) | ||
| Anti-HCV | ||||||
| Positive | 56 (36.1%) | 340 (34.6%) | 0.715 | 37 (29.4%) | 19 (65.5%) | 2.6 × 10–4 |
| Negative | 99 (63.9%) | 642 (65.4%) | 89 (70.6%) | 10 (34.5%) | ||
| HCV RNA in anti-HCV (+) subjects | ||||||
| Mean ± SD (log IU/ml) | 2.29 ± 3.04 | 3.25 ± 3.05 | 0.030 | 1.88 ± 2.83 | 3.08 ± 3.34 | 0.193 |
| Positive | 21 (37.5%) | 187 (55.0%) | 0.015 | 12 (32.4%) | 9 (47.4%) | 0.274 |
| Negative | 35 (62.5%) | 153 (45.0%) | 25 (67.6%) | 10 (52.6%) | ||
| Supposed HCV RNA in anti-HCV (+) subjects | ||||||
| Positive | 30 (53.6%) | 270 (79.4%) | 2.9 × 10–5 | 17 (45.9%) | 13 (68.4%) | 0.110 |
| Negative | 26 (46.4%) | 70 (20.6%) | 20 (54.1%) | 6 (31.6%) | ||
| HCV genotype in HCV RNA (+) subjects | ||||||
| 1a | 5(23.8%) | 45(23.8%) | 0.338 | 1(8.3%) | 4(44.4%) | 0.093 |
| 1b | 2(9.5%) | 20(10.6%) | 2(16.7%) | 0(0.0%) | ||
| 2 | 0(0.0%) | 21(11.1%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | ||
| 3 | 1(4.8%) | 22(11.6%) | 0(0.0%) | 1(11.2%) | ||
| 6 | 13(61.9%) | 72(38.1%) | 9(75.0%) | 4(44.4%) | ||
| Mixed | 0(0.0%) | 3(1.6%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | ||
| Undetermined | 0(0.0%) | 6(3.2%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | ||
| Anti-HDV in HBsAg (+) subjects | ||||||
| Positive | 39(25.2%) | N/A | N/A | 26(20.6%) | 13(44.8%) | 0.007 |
| Negative | 116(74.8%) | 100(79.4%) | 16(55.2%) | |||
| HDV RNA in anti-HDV (+) subjects | ||||||
| Positive | 21(53.8%) | N/A | N/A | 16(61.5%) | 5(38.5%) | 0.173 |
| Negative | 18(46.2%) | 10(38.5%) | 8(61.5%) | |||
p.s. Supposed HCV RNA seropositivity included HCV viremia subjects and HCV non-viremia subjects induced by antiviral therapy.
AST aspartate aminotransferase; ALT alanine aminotransferase; BMI body mass index; FIB-4 Fibrosis-4 index; IDU injecting drug users; NUC nucleotide analogue; HBsAg hepatitis B surface antigen; HBeAg hepatitis B envelope antigen; anti-HBe hepatitis B envelop antibody; anti-HBs hepatitis B surface antibody; anti-HBc hepatitis B core antibody; HBV DNA hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid; anti-HCV hepatitis C antibody; HCV RNA hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid ; anti-HDV, hepatitis D antibody; HDV RNA hepatitis D virus ribonucleic acid.