Table 4.
Factors associated with HCV exposure and HCV viremia.
| All (n = 1,137) | Anti-HCV (+) (n = 396) | Treatment naïve Anti-HCV (+) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-HCV (+) | Anti-HCV (−) | p-value | HCV RNA (+) | HCV RNA (−) | p-value | HCV RNA (+) | HCV RNA (−) Spontaneous loss | p-value | |
| n | 396(34.8%) | 741(65.2%) | 208(52.5%) | 188(47.5%) | 205(68.1%) | 96(31.9%) | |||
| Age | 47.8 ± 8.2 | 44.1 ± 10.0 | 6.8 × 10–11 | 48.2 ± 8.4 | 47.3 ± 8.0 | 0.261 | 48.1 ± 8.4 | 47.4 ± 8.0 | 0.468 |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 396(100%) | 734(99.1%) | 0.103 | 208(100%) | 188(100%) | N/A | 205(100%) | 96(100%) | N/A |
| Female | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (0.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | |||
| AST(IU/ml) | 32.5 ± 23.1 | 23.0 ± 9.7 | 4.0 × 10–14 | 41.1 ± 27.7 | 22.9 ± 10.4 | 1.4 × 10–16 | 41.0 ± 27.8 | 23.7 ± 13.0 | 1.7 × 10–12 |
| ALT(IU/ml) | 42.6 ± 41.2 | 26.8 ± 19.6 | 1.8 × 10–12 | 59.4 ± 48.4 | 24.1 ± 18.2 | 1.7 × 10–19 | 59.0 ± 48.5 | 27.0 ± 21.3 | 3.5 × 10–14 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.0 ± 3.2 | 24.3 ± 3.6 | 0.252 | 23.7 ± 3.2 | 24.3 ± 3.1 | 0.046 | 23.7 ± 3.2 | 25.0 ± 3.2 | 0.001 |
| FIB-4 | 1.22 ± 0.82 | 0.80 ± 0.41 | 2.2 × 10–20 | 1.32 ± 0.87 | 1.12 ± 0.74 | 0.015 | 1.32 ± 0.87 | 1.06 ± 0.59 | 0.003 |
| IDU | |||||||||
| Yes | 389(98.2%) | 625(84.3%) | 6.9 × 10–13 | 203(97.6%) | 186(98.9%) | 0.453 | 200(97.6%) | 96(100%) | 0.182 |
| No | 7(1.8%) | 116(15.7%) | 5(2.4%) | 2(1.1%) | 5(2.4%) | 0(0.0%) | |||
| HBsAg | |||||||||
| Positive | 56(14.1%) | 99(13.4%) | 0.715 | 21(10.1%) | 35(18.6%) | 0.015 | 21(10.2%) | 26(27.1%) | 1.8 × 10–4 |
| Negative | 340 (85.9%) | 642(86.6%) | 187(89.9%) | 153(81.4%) | 184(89.8%) | 70(72.9%) | |||
| HBeAg in HBsAg (+) subjects | |||||||||
| Positive | 5(8.9%) | 10(10.1%) | 0.813 | 2(9.5%) | 3(8.6%) | 1.000 | 2(9.5%) | 3(11.5%) | 1.000 |
| Negative | 51(91.1%) | 89(89.9%) | 19(90.5%) | 32(91.4%) | 19(90.5%) | 23(88.5%) | |||
| Anti-HBe in HBsAg (+) subjects | |||||||||
| Positive | 47(83.9%) | 91(91.9%) | 0.126 | 18(85.7%) | 29(82.9%) | 1.000 | 18(85.7%) | 21(80.8%) | 0.715 |
| Negative | 9(16.1%) | 8 (8.1%) | 3(14.3%) | 6(17.1%) | 3(14.3%) | 5(19.2%) | |||
| Anti-HBs | |||||||||
| Positive | 238(60.1%) | 424(57.5%) | 0.403 | 129(62.0%) | 109(58.0%) | 0.412 | 127(62.0%) | 52(54.2%) | 0.200 |
| Negative | 158(39.9%) | 313(42.5%) | 79(38.0%) | 79(42.0%) | 78((38.0%) | 44(45.8%) | |||
| Anti-HBc | |||||||||
| Positive | 324(82.0%) | 457(62.0%) | 3.9 × 10–12 | 175(84.1%) | 149(79.7%) | 0.250 | 172(83.9%) | 79(83.2%) | 0.871 |
| Negative | 71(18.0%) | 280(38.0%) | 33(15.9%) | 38(20.3%) | 33(16.1%) | 16(16.8%) | |||
| HBV DNA in HBsAg (+) subjects | |||||||||
| Mean ± SD (log IU/ml) | 2.30 ± 2.07 | 3.29 ± 1.87 | 0.003 | 1.82 ± 2.10 | 2.59 ± 2.03 | 0.178 | 1.82 ± 2.10 | 2.85 ± 2.02 | 0.093 |
| Positive | 37(66.1%) | 89(89.9%) | 2.6 × 10–4 | 12(57.1%) | 25(71.4%) | 0.274 | 12(57.1%) | 20(76.9%) | 0.148 |
| Negative | 19(33.9%) | 10(10.1%) | 9(42.9%) | 10(28.6%) | 9(42.9%) | 6(23.1%) | |||
| Anti-HDV in HBsAg (+) subjects | |||||||||
| Positive | 32(57.1%) | 7(7.1%) | 5.1 × 10–12 | 10(47.6%) | 22(62.9%) | 0.265 | 10(47.6%) | 17(65.4%) | 0.221 |
| Negative | 24(42.9%) | 92(92.9%) | 11(52.4%) | 13(37.1%) | 11(52.4%) | 9(34.6%) | |||
| HDV RNA in anti-HDV (+) subjects | |||||||||
| Positive | 18(56.3%) | 3(42.9%) | 0.682 | 4(40.0%) | 14(63.6%) | 0.267 | 4(40.0%) | 12(70.6%) | 0.224 |
| Negative | 14(43.8%) | 4(57.1%) | 6(60.0%) | 8(36.4%) | 6(60.0%) | 5(29.4%) | |||
HCV hepatitis C virus; Anti-HCV hepatitis C antibody; HCV RNA hepatitis C ribonucleic acid ; AST aspartate aminotransferase; ALT alanine aminotransferase; BMI body mass index; FIB-4 Fibrosis-4 index; IDU injecting drug user; HBsAg hepatitis B surface antigen; HBeAg hepatitis B envelope antigen; anti-HBe hepatitis B envelop antibody; anti-HBs hepatitis B surface antibody; anti-HBc hepatitis B core antibody; HBV DNA hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid; anti-HDV, hepatitis D antibody; HDV RNA hepatitis D virus ribonucleic acid.
p.s. Supposed HCV RNA seropositivity included HCV viremia subjects and HCV non-viremia subjects induced by antiviral therapy.