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. 2021 Apr 7;15:646698. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.646698

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Copyright © 2021 Bernard-Espina, Beraneck, Maier and Tagliabue.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Model predictions and experimental observations for proprioception and visual compensation tests. Data and predictions are reported for the three types of patients: purely proprioceptive deficit (P), cross-reference deficit (C) and mixed proprioceptive and cross reference deficit (P+C), and for healthy subjects. All values are normalized with respect to the variability of healthy subjects in the within-arm proprioceptive task (W-A_P). If more than one quantitative study was included in the analysis for a particular task and group of subjects, the mean and standard deviation (vertical whiskers) were used to represent experimental data. Qualitative data from stroke patients (gray filled rectangles) were not used for the fitting. (A) Proprioceptive tests. For the W-A_P tasks, the mean of healthy subjects’ data is used as reference value for the normalizations. For this tasks, C patients’ data can be distinguished from P and P+C patients. For the aB-A_P tasks, only data from healthy subject could be included. For the sB-A_P tasks, both healthy subjects and stroke patients data are available: patients with P deficits perform better and could hence be distinguished from P+C patients. The model results suggest that the data associated to the P+C patients is similar to what is expected also for C patients. The reported qualitative results refer to the same C patients of the W-A_P task. For the C-M_P task, only results from healthy subjects were included. (B) Visual compensation tests. For the W-A_VP tasks, data from healthy subjects and from stroke patients are reported. For the aB-A_VP task, quantitative data were included for healthy subjects. For patients only qualitative observations were found. For the sB-A_VP tasks, data from healthy subjects, P patients and P+C patients are reported. The model results suggest that the experimental data associated to P+C patients correspond also to the results expected for C patients. For the C-M_VP tasks, as for the asymmetric tasks, quantitative data were found for healthy subjects, but only qualitative observations for patients. Full details about the studies from which the data have been retrieved are reported in Supplementary Tables 1–4.