Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Brain Behav Immun. 2021 Feb 17;94:210–224. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.02.005

Figure 9. (A) Intrathecal injection of sEVs attenuates formalin induced late phase pain response.

Figure 9.

sEVs administered intrathecally 48 h prior attenuated late phase nocifensive behaviors in the formalin model of both sexes. Formalin (5%) was subcutaneously injected 48 h following i.t. injection of 1µg sEVs or vehicle. Exos(+) reduced late phase nocifensive behaviors in 8-week-old male and female C57BL/6 mice (n=6). Data shown are mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was determined by two-way ANOVA. *, #p < 0.05;**p < 0.01; ***, ###p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001. (B) Prophylactic sEVs treatment did not alter pain responses in the formalin-induced pain model. Two weeks after intrathecal injection of 1 µg Exo(−), Exo(+) or saline, formalin (5%) was injected into hind paw of C57BL/6 female mice (n=3). Data shown as mean ± SEM and analyzed by two-way ANOVA.