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Intraoperative images of a 3-year-old transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) self-expanding valve explant. (A) Denuded aortic intima due to severe endothelialization. (B) Severely adherent stent cage to the membranous septum. (C) Severely adherent stent cage to the anterior mitral leaflet and chordae tendinae. (D) Disintegrated right coronary sinus after the TAVR valve removal.
