TABLE 1.
Literature-based method: risk factors associated with increased colorectal cancer incidence considered in this studya
| Exposure | Exposure categoryb | Cancer site (ICD-10) |
|---|---|---|
| Physical inactivity | 0 to 249 MET-m/wk | Colon (C18) |
| 250 to 499 MET-m/wk | ||
| 500 to 749 MET-m/wk | ||
| 750 to 999 MET-m/wk | ||
| ≥1000 MET-m/wk | ||
| Body fatness/BMI | Normal (18.5 to <25 kg/m 2 ) | Colorectum (C18-C20) |
| Overweight (25 to 29.9 kg/m2) | ||
| Obese (≥30 kg/m2) | ||
| Alcoholic drinks | None | Colorectum (C18-C20) |
| <1 drink/d | ||
| 1 to <4 drinks/d | ||
| ≥4 drinks/d | ||
| Red meat | 0 to 9 g/d | Colorectum (C18-C20) |
| 10 to 24 g/d | ||
| 25 to 49 g/d | ||
| 50 to 74 g/d | ||
| 75 to 99 g/d | ||
| ≥100 g/d | ||
| Processed meat | 0 to 4 g/d | Colorectum (C18-C20) |
| 5 to 24 g/d | ||
| 25 to 49 g/d | ||
| 50 to 74 g/d | ||
| ≥75 g/d | ||
| Low dietary fiber | 0 to 9 g/d | Colorectum (C18-C20) |
| 10 to 19 g/d | ||
| 20 to 29 g/d | ||
| ≥30 g/d | ||
| Low dietary calcium | 0 to 199 mg/d | Colorectum (C18-C20) |
| 200 to 399 mg/d | ||
| 400 to 599 mg/d | ||
| 600 to 799 mg/d | ||
| 800 to 999 mg/d | ||
| ≥1000 mg/d | ||
| Cigarette smoking | Never | Colorectum (C18-C20) |
| Former | ||
| Current |
a
Based on summary of strong evidence on diet, nutrition, physical activity and the prevention of cancer 2018 by the WCRF/AICR (physical activity, body fatness/BMI, alcoholic drinks, and processed meat are “convincing” factors; red meat, dietary fiber, and dietary calcium are “probable” factors) plus cigarette smoking; whole grain (and colorectal cancer) excluded because it can be attributed to fiber; dairy (and colorectal cancer) excluded because it can be attributed to calcium.
b
Theoretical minimum is mentioned in bold.