. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: Autoimmun Rev. 2021 Mar 14;20(5):102804. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102804

Table 1.

Available methods for the analysis of glycosylation.

	Method	Advantage	Shortcoming
Soluble protein	Glycan specific lectin [79, 80]	Rapid, efficient, quantitative, low-infrastructure-requiring.	Only apply for few samples, no glycan structure information; no site-specific analysis.
	Lectin microarray [81–85]	Rapid, efficient, and low-infrastructure-requiring; simple procedure, apply to large sample.	No quantitative, no glycan structures information, no site-specific analysis.
	Mass spectrometry (MS)-related methods [86–88]	Quantitative, provide structural information apply to complex glycan features of large sample; site-specific analysis.	Long procedure, complex, professional requirements, high-infrastructure-requiring.
	High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-related methods [89, 90]	Separate different glycans components, quantitative, combine with MS to get structural information.	Long procedures complex, professional requirements, high-infrastructure-requiring.
In situ cell surface protein	Barcoding technology and electrochemistry for glycan analysis of in situ cell surface proteins [91–94]	Allow analysis of glycans on cell surface, quantitative, useful for complex glycan features of large samples.	Long procedure, complex, high-infrastructure-requiring, no glycan structure information, no site-specific analysis.