Table 1:
How selenoproteins respond during hematophagy and pathogen infection. All functional roles of selenoproteins were studied in Amblyomma maculatum, except for SelK, which was studied in both A. maculatum/Rp and I.sca/Bb. MG, midgut; SG, salivary glands; dpa, days post attachment.
| Tick antioxidant | GenBank Acc # | Gene expression (Rickettsiaparkeri infection) | Gene expression (blood meal) | Impact of knockdown (kd) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SOD1 (Cu/Zn SOD) | JO844140 | Increased in both MG and SG. | MG: gradually reduced with dpa. SG: increased initially and later remained similar to that of unfed. |
Rp significantly reduced in MG and SG. | (Crispell et al., 2016) |
| SOD3 (MnSOD) | JO843979 | No impact | MG: remained similar with dpa. SG: increased before fast feeding and then decreased to level similar to unfed. |
N/A | (Crispell et al., 2016) |
| Cat | JO843741 | Increased in SG but not in MG. | MG: gradually reduced with dpa. SG: remained constant. |
Reduced in load in MG, SG, and eggs. | (Budachetri et al., 2017; Kumar et al., 2016) |
| GST | Increased only in SG. | (Budachetri et al., 2018a) | |||
| SEF | KC989559 | Increased | MG: gradually reduced SG: remained constant. |
MG: pathogen load reduced. SG: increased. |
(Adamson et al., 2013) |
| SBP2 | MF115980 | Increased in both tissues. | Reduced and then restored in gut, while gradually reduced in SG with dpa. | Reduced transovarial transmission. No impact on MG or SG. |
(Budachetri et al., 2017) |
| SEPHS2 | Increased in tissues. | Increased strongly in gut tissues, while gradually reduced in SG with dpa. | N/A | (Budachetri et al., 2017) | |
| SelK* | JO843326 | Increased in Rp- and B. burgdorferi-infected MG and SG. | Increased with blood meal in both tissues. | Reduced load of Bb. | (Adamson et al., 2014; Kumar et al., 2019) |
| TrxR | JO843723 | Induced in SG only. | Expression remained constant in SG, while MG reduced before fast-feeding step. | Total bacterial load reduced in MG and SG. Not done with rp. | (Budachetri & Karim, 2015) |
| SelP | MF115978 | Increased in tissues. | Increased strongly in gut tissues, and gradually reduced in SG. | No effect in tick gut or salivary gland tissue Rp load. | (Budachetri et al., 2017) |
| SelM | Increased in SG and OV. No impact on MG. | Increased in both tissues. | Reduced only in SG. | (Adamson et al., 2014) | |
| SelO | KC989561 | Increased in MG and SG. | Remained similar in MG, gradually reduced in SG. | Reduced load in MG and SG. | ((Budachetri et al., 2018a) |
| SelS | JO842687 | Increased in MG and SG. | Constant in MG, while spiked with blood in SG. | Reduced load in SG only. | (Budachetri et al., 2018a) |
| SelT | KC989562 | No change | (Budachetri et al., 2018a) | ||
| SelX | JO845128 | Induced only in gut. | (Budachetri et al., 2018a) |