Fig. 4. Quartz crystal microbalance analysis of PS and P3HT films submerged in DI water.
a Illustration of film (pink) on the quartz sensor submerged in water. b Representative response of QCM coated with P3HT during transfer from air to water. FWHM corresponds to full width at half the maximum intensity. c, d Normalized frequency shift and change in energy dissipation of ~100 nm PS submerged in water for 20+ h. e, f Normalized frequency shift and change in energy dissipation of ~100 nm P3HT submerged in water for ~40 min.