Table 3.
Baseline, post-intervention, between- and within-group differences for primary and secondary outcomes
| Author (year) | Description of intervention | Measures | Assessment time point | Baseline |
Follow-up
|
Between-group difference [SMD (95% CI)] | Within-group difference [SMD (95% CI)] | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention group [n, mean (s.d.)] | Control group [n, mean (s.d.)] | Intervention group [n, mean (s.d.)] | Control group [n, mean (s.d.)] | ||||||
| Allam et al. (2015) [40] | Information |
Adherence to PA: Self-reported completion of exercise (min/week) |
2 months |
30 30.67 (23.13) |
40 50.5 (22.03) |
29 33.36 (26.55) |
40 44.12 (29.69) |
−0.45 (−0.93, 0.04) |
−0.12 (−0.63, 0.39) |
| Allam et al. (2015) [40] | Information and social support |
Adherence to PA: Self-reported completion of exercise (min/week) |
2 months |
29 32.41 (31.92) |
40 50.5 (22.03) |
29 28.10 (29.68) |
40 44.12 (29.69) |
−0.64 (−1.13, −0.15) |
0.14 (−0.38, 0.65) |
| Allam et al. (2015) [40] | Gaming |
Adherence to PA: Self-reported completion of exercise (min/week) |
2 months |
28 33.57 (32.59) |
40 50.5 (22.03) |
28 33.30 (32.43) |
40 44.12 (29.69) |
−0.41 (−0.90, 0.08) |
0.01 (−0.52, 0.53) |
| Allam et al. (2015) [40] | Social support and gaming |
Adherence to PA: Self-reported completion of exercise (min/week) |
2 months |
28 26.96 (27.10) |
40 50.5 (22.03) |
28 28.21 (27.39) |
40 44.12 (29.69) |
−0.66 (−1.16, −0.17) |
−0.05 (−0.57, 0.48) |
| Allam et al. (2015) [40] | Intervention groups combined |
Adherence to PA: Self-reported completion of exercise (min/week) |
2 months |
115 30.91 (28.60) |
40 50.5 (22.03) |
114 30.8 (31.4) |
40 44.12 (29.69) |
−0.46 (−0.82, −0.09) |
0.00 (−0.26, 0.26) |
| Lorig et al. (2008) [42] | The internet‐based arthritis self‐management program (ASMP) |
Adherence to PA: Self-reported aerobic exercise (min/week) |
6 months 12 months |
441 99.1 (104) 347 91.1 (104) |
425 88.5 (100) 375 88.5 (100) |
310 103 (102.7) 307 111.5 (109) |
331 90.5 (93.9) 344 91.0 (92.8) |
−0.13 (−0.29, 0.02) 20.50 (4.85, 36.15) |
−0.04 (−0.19, 0.10) −0.12 (−0.27, 0.04) |
| Armbrust et al. (2017) [41] | Web-based cognitive behavioural program |
Adherence to PA: Self-reported 7 day activity dairy, moderate to vigorous physical activity (min/week) PA level: Accelerometer, moderate to vigorous physical activity (min/week) |
14 weeks 12 months 14 weeks 12 months |
28 58.73 (38.04) 22 58.89 (40.34) 28 44.04 (18.44) 21 43.92 (19.64) |
21 70.9 (25.60) N/A 21 41.24 (20.43) N/A |
28 82.8 (51.24) 22 93.85 (73.31) 28 41.52 (18.44) 21 43.67 (18.76) |
21 77.6 (65.35) N/A 21 51.71 (21.94) N/A |
0.09 −0.00, 0.65 N/A 0.01 −0.55, 0.26 N/A |
−0.53 −1.06, 0.01 −34.96 (−69.93, 0.01) 0.13 (−0.39, 0.66) 0.01 (−0.59, 0.62) |
| Brosseau et al. (2014) [43] | Self-management in RA delivered via Facebook |
Adherence to PA: Self-reported intention to complete hand-strengthening exercises (%) and follow through on using techniques (%) |
2 weeks (intention) 3 months (follow through) |
Percentage of self-reported intention to complete strengthening exercises for the hand 74% | N/A | Percentage that followed through on intention to use strengthening exercises for the hand 78% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
N/A: not applicable; PA: physical activity; SMD: standard mean difference.