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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Mar 3.
Published in final edited form as: Harmful Algae. 2021 Mar 3;102:101975. doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.101975

Table 1.

Harmful and potentially toxic marine HAB species observed along the East, Gulf, and West Coasts of the United States. E=East, G=Gulf, W=West

Diatoms Dinophysis acuminata E,G,W Ostreopsis siamensis G
Chaetoceros concavicornis E,G,W Dinophysis acuta E,G,W Pfiesteria piscicida E,G
Chaetoceros convolutus E,G,W Dinophysis caudata E,G Phalacroma mitra G
Halamphora coffeaeformis E,G,W Dinophysis fortii E,G,W Phalacroma rotundatum E,G,W
Pseudo-nitzschia australis G,W Dinophysis mitra G Pheopolykrikos hartmannii E,G
Pseudo-nitzschia calliantha E,G,W Dinophysis norvegica E,G,W Prorocentrum belizeanum G
Pseudo-nitzschia cuspidata E,G,W Dinophysis ovum E,G Prorocentrum borbonicum G
Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima E,G,W Dinophysis sacculus E,G Prorocentrum cordatum G
Pseudo-nitzschia fraudulenta G,W Dinophysis tripos E,G,W Prorocentrum emarginatum G
Pseudo-nitzschia galaxiae G Fukuyoa ruetzleri G,E Prorocentrum faustiae G
Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries E,G,W Fukuyoa yasumotoi G Prorocentrum hoffmannianum G
Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata G Gambierdiscus belizeanus G Prorocentrum lima E,G,W
Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima E,G,W Gambierdiscus caribaeus G Prorocentrum maculosum G
Pseudo-nitzschia pungens E,G,W Gambierdiscus carolinianus E Prorocentrum rhathymum G
Pseudo-nitzschia seriata E,G,W Gambierdiscus carpenteri E Protoceratium reticulatum G,W
Pseudo-nitzschia subpacifica E,W Gambierdiscus excentricus G Pseudopfiesteria shumwayae E,G
Pseudo-nitzschia turgidula E,G Gambierdiscus silvae G,E Pyrodinium bahamense G,W,E
Thalassiosira spp. E,G,W Gonyaulax spinifera E,G,W Takayama cladochroma G
Dinoflagellates Gymnodinium catenatum G Takayama pulchella E
Akashiwo sanguinea G,W Heterocapsa circularisquama G Takayama tasmanica E
Alexandrium andersonii G Karenia bicuneiformis G Pelagophytes
Alexandrium balechii G Karenia brevis E,G Aureococcus anophagefferens E
Alexandrium catenella E,G,W Karenia concordia G Aureoumbra lagunensis E,G
Alexandrium minutum G Karenia cristata G Prymnesiophytes
Alexandrium monilatum E,G Karenia digitata G Phaeocystis pouchetii E,W
Alexandrium ostenfeldii E,G,W Karenia mikimotoi G,W Prymnesium parvum E,W
Alexandrium peruvianum E Karenia papilionacea E,G Raphidophytes
Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax G Karenia selliformis G Chattonella antiqua G
Alexandrium tamiyavanichii G Karenia umbella G Chattonella marina G
Amphidinium carterae E,G,W Karlodinium armiger G Chattonella subsalsa E,G
Amphidinium gibbosum G Karlodinium corsicum G Chrysochromulina spp. E,W
Amphidinium klebsii E Karlodinium veneficum E,G Fibrocapsa japonica E,G
Amphidinium operculatum E Lingulodinium polyedrum G,W Heterosigma akashiwo E,G,W
Azadinium poporum G,W Luciella masanensis E Olisthodiscus E
Blixaea quinquecorne G Margalefidinium polykrikoides E,W Pseudochattonella verruculosa E,W
Cochlodinium fulvescens W Ostreopsis lenticularis G Vicicitus globosus G
Coolia santacroce G Ostreopsis mascarenensis G
Coolia tropicalis G Ostreopsis ovata G