Structure of the innate inhibitors used in this study
(A) The oligonucleotides ODN2088 and ODN20958 inhibit TLR7/8/9 and TLR7, respectively. (B) The chemical structure of the TLR3/dsRNA complex inhibitor (called “TLR3 inhibitor” in this paper). (C) BAY11 inhibits the intracellular NRLP3 receptor and NF-κB activation. (D–F) Clobetasol propionate (D) and hydrocortisone (E) are topical corticosteroids, and dexamethasone (F) is an oral corticosteroid. All three have broad immunosuppressive properties, including NF-κB inhibition.