Table 1.
Physicochemical properties of some phenolic compounds.
| Chemical compound (CAS number) | Form/colour | Melting point (°C) | Boiling point (°C) | Solubility in water | Molecular weight | Relative density (water = 1) | Flash point (°C) | Vapour pressure (kPa) | Relative vapour density (air = 1) | Auto ignition point (°C) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
p-tert-butylphenol 98-54-4 |
98 | 237 | soluble | 150.21 | 0.908@ 80 °C | |||||
| 4-tert-butylpyrocatechol 98-29-3 |
53.5 | 285 | 166.21 | |||||||
| catechol 120-80-9 |
monoclinic tablets, prisms from toluene; colourless crystals; discolours to brown on exposure to light and moist air |
105 | 245 | very soluble | 110.11 | 1.344 | 127 cc | 3 × 104 mm Hg | 3.79 | 510 |
|
p-chloro-m-cresol 59-50-7 |
dimorphous crystals; slightly pink or white crystals |
67 | 235 | slightly soluble | 142.58 | |||||
| 2-chlorophenol 95-57-8 |
light amber liquid; colourless to yellow brown liquid |
9.3 | 174.9 | slightly soluble | 128.6 | 1.2634 | 64 cc | 0.23 | 4.4 | |
| 3-chlorophenol 108-43-0 |
needles; white crystals | 33 | 214 | slightly soluble | 128.6 | 1.268@ 25 °C | 121 cc | 0.13@44.2 °C | ||
| 4-chlorophenol 106-48-9 |
needle-like, white to straw coloured crystals; pink crystals |
43 | 220 | slightly soluble | 128.60 | 1.2238@78 °C/4 °C | 13 Pa | 4.43 | ||
| cresol, all isomers 1319-77-3 |
yellowish, colourless, pinkish liquid, or brownish-yellow |
11–35 | 191–203 | 50% soluble | 108.13 | 1.0300-1.0380@25 °C/25 °C | 43–82 | 14–32 Pa@ 25 °C | 3.72 | 559 |
| o-cresol-95-48-7 | colourless crystalline compound; white crystals/liquid |
31 | 191 | soluble | 108.10 | 1.0470 | 81 cc | 33 Pa@ 25 °C | 3.72 | 599 |
|
m-cresol 108-39-4 |
yellowish liquid or colourless |
12 | 202 | slightly soluble | 108.10 | 1.0340 | 86 cc | 20 Pa@ 25 °C | 3.72 | 588 |
|
p-cresol 106-44-5 |
prisms; crystals; white crystals; colourless; crystalline mass |
35 | 201.9 | slightly soluble | 108.13 | 1.0178 | 86 cc | 15 Pa@ 25 °C | 3.72 | 559 |
| 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p--cresol 128-37-0 |
white crystalline solid; pale yellowish crystalline powder |
70 | 265 | insoluble | 220.34 | 1.0480 | 127 cc | 7.6 | ||
| 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol 128-39-2 |
39 | 133 | 206.31 | |||||||
| 2,4-dichlorophenol 120-83-2 |
colourless crystals; hexagonal needles from benzene; white solid |
45 | 210 | slightly soluble | 163.00 | 1.383@ 60 °C/25 °C | 114 | 0.075 mm Hg@ 25 °C | 5.62 | |
| 2,5-dichlorophenol 583-78-8 |
prisms from petroleum ether and benzene | 59 | 211 @ 744 mm Hg | slightly soluble | 163.00 | 16.60 Pa @ 25 °C | 5.60 | |||
| 3,5-dichlorophenol 591-35-5 |
prisms from petroleum ether |
68 | 233 @ 757 mm Hg | slightly soluble | 163.00 | 1.10 pa @ 25 °C | 5.60 | |||
| 2,4-dimethylphenol 105-67-9 |
crystals; needles from water; colourless needles | 25.4–36 | 211.5 @ 766 mm Hg | slightly soluble | 122.16 | 0.9650 | 10 mm Hg @ 92.3 °C | |||
| dinitro-o-cresol 534-52-1 |
87 | 312 | slightly soluble | 198.13 | 1.05 × 104 mm Hg @ 25 °C | 6.80 | ||||
| hydroquinone 123-31-9 |
colourless, hexagonal prisms; white crystals; monoclinic prisms (sublimation); needles from water; prisms from methanol |
172 | 285–287 | soluble | 110.11 | 1.332 | 165 | 0.12 Pa | 3.81 | 515 |
| 2-hydroxybiphenyl 90-43-7 |
needles from petroleum ether; white, flaky crystals; pinkish crystals; colourless crystals |
59 | 286 | insoluble | 170.20 | 1.213 @ 25 °C/4 °C | 124 cc | 2.70 @ 163 °C | 530 | |
| 4-methoxyphenol 150-76-5 |
plates from water; white waxy solid |
57 | 243 | soluble | 124.14 | 1.550 | 132 cc | 421 | ||
| nonylphenol, all isomers 25,154-52-3 |
thick light yellow, straw coloured liquid |
−10 | 293–297 | insoluble | 220.39 | 0.950 | 140 cc | <0.01 | 7.59 | 370 |
| pentachlorophenol 87-86-5 |
colourless crystals (pure); flakes (crude product) or dark greyish powder; flakes or solid beads; white monoclinic, crystalline solid; needle-like crystals |
190–191 | 309–310 | slightly soluble | 266.30 | 1.978 @ 22 °C/4 °C | 0.02 Pa | 9.20 | ||
| pentachlorophenol, sodium salt 131-52-2 |
buff coloured flakes; tan or white powder | 33% @ 25 °C | 288.34 | |||||||
| phenol 108-95-2 |
colourless, white or acicular crystals, crystalline mass; colourless to light pink, interlaced or separate, needle-shaped crystal, or a light pink, crystalline mass |
43 | 181.8 | soluble | 94.11 | 1.0576 | 79 cc | 47 pa | 3.24 | 715 |
| pyrogallic acid 87-66-1 |
white crystals; orthorhombic; needles or leaflets from benzene |
133 | 309 | very soluble | 126.11 | 1.45 | 1.33 @ 168 °C | |||
| resorcinol 108-46-3 |
white needle-like crystal; needles from benzene; plates from water; pyramids and rhombic tablets |
111 | 280 | soluble | 110.11 | 1.2717 | 1 mm Hg @ 108.40 °C | 1.0739 | ||
| 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 58-90-2 |
needles from ligroin, acetic acid; brown flakes or sublimed mass; light brown mass |
70 | 150@15 mm Hg | insoluble | 231.89 | 1.83 @ 25 °C/4 °C | 1 mm Hg @ 100.00 °C | |||
| 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol 935-95-5 |
leaf, from ligroin | 115 | 288 | slightly soluble | 231.89 | 1.7 | <10 Pa | 8.1 | ||
| leaf, from ligroin | light grey powder; fine white crystals |
358.58 | 150 | 0.08% | 358.58 | |||||
| 2,3,4-trichlorophenol 15,950-66-0 |
Needles or white powder | 83.5 sublimes | 197.50 | |||||||
| 2,3,5-trichlorophenol 933-78-8 |
colourless crystals | 62 | 248–249 | insoluble | 197.40 | 6.8 | ||||
| 2,3,6-trichlorophenol 933-75-5 |
needles from diluted alcohol, petroleum ether; colourless needles |
58 | 253 | slightly soluble | 197.44 | 1.5 | 78 | 6.82 | ||
| 2,4,5-trichlorophenol 95-95-4 |
needles from ligroin or alcohol; grey flakes in sublimed mass; colourless needles |
67 | 253 | slightly soluble | 197.40 | 1.678 @ 25 °C/4 °C | 2.90 Pa @ 25 °C | |||
| 2,4,6-trichlorophenol 88-06-2 |
crystals from ligroin; rhombic needles from acetic acid; yellow flakes; colourless needles |
69 | 246 | 800 mg/l @ 25° | 197.45 | 1.4901 | 133 Pa @ 76.5 °C | 6.8 |