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. 2021 Apr 21;27(15):1531–1552. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i15.1531

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©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

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Coronavirus disease 2019 and devastating cytokine storm. COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; C5a: Complement component 5a; RAAS: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; NLRPR: Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, Leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor; PPRs: Pattern recognition receptors; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome.