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(A) Inorganic bases used in traditional Pd-, Ni-, and Cu-catalyzed C–N cross-coupling methods. (B) Amidine, guanidine, and phosphazene bases used in Pd-catalyzed amination and Ni-catalyzed photo- or electrocatalysis. (C) Nickel-catalyzed C–N cross coupling of aryl triflates and amines facilitated by triethylamine.
