Figure 1.

Experimental design. (A) A schematic of experimental setup. A laser-induced single cavitation bubble (SCB) stimulates nearby cells in a glass-bottom dish, which is coated with 3 nm Ti and 7 nm Au to enhance laser absorption while allowing optical transmission for microscopy. (B) Top view of experimental setup. S_d, standoff distance; γ, normalized standoff distance; R_max, maximum bubble radius. (C) Superimposed bright-field and fluorescence image of three cells with different S_d to a SCB with R_max indicated by black dashed line. A mixture of stable Piezo1-knockout cells (P1KO) and cells transiently transfected with GFP-Piezo1 (P1TF) was used. (D) High-speed images of bubble dynamics (upper panel) and velocity field from particle image velocimetry (PIV) (lower panel). (E) Time evolution of the SCB-generated impulsive radial flow velocity along a horizontal axis (y = 0) through the bubble center. Outward velocity is positive, inward velocity is negative. The velocity amplitude decreases with γ. (F) Recording sequence: bright-field imaging of cell morphology, GFP imaging of Piezo1 expression, fluorescence imaging to simultaneously monitor intracellular Ca²⁺ transients (340- and 380-nm excitation) and membrane poration (539-nm excitation), and high-speed imaging of SCB dynamics.