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. 2021 Mar 31;11(12):5675–5685. doi: 10.7150/thno.46436

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Neuroprotective Effects of MSCs on Aging Brain. Administration of MSCs have shown therapeutic potential for the treatment of age- related brain dysfunction. The neuroprotective effects of MSCs include promoting neurogenesis, neural differentiation and anti-inflammation, and these effects are mainly associated with paracrine functions. In addition, MSCs could improve cognitive functions through reducing plaque deposition and enhancing synaptic stability. Abbr: NGF: nerve growth factor; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; FGF2: fibroblast growth factor 2; IL-2: interleukin-2; TGF-β: transforming growth factor-β.