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. 2021 Mar 4;35(4):421–436. doi: 10.1177/0269881121991554

Table 2.

Previous experiences with Kambô. Multiple answers (yes/no) were possible for the surroundings/setting. Responses for surrounding of previous Kambô usage were given on pre-defined categories. Using the ‘others’ response option, four participants described a setting ‘with a shaman’.

Mean ± SD
Age of first Kambô experience 36.09 ± 10.17
Number of Kambô experiences Last Kambô experience
80 (20.78%) <1 week ago 40 (10.39%)
2–4× 161 (41.82%) 1 week–30 days ago 83 (21.56%)
5–9× 59 (15.32%) 1–12 months ago 193 (50.13%)
10–19× 41 (10.65%) 1–5 years ago 67 (17.40%)
20–35× 24 (6.23%) >5 years ago 2 (0.52%)
>35× 20 (5.19%)
Surroundings/setting of previous Kambô experiences
At home 94 (24.35%)
At a friend’s place/private space 95 (24.61%)
With a natural health professional/healer 125 (32.38%)
At a healing place/temple 105 (27.20%)
In nature 59 (15.28%)
In the Amazon rainforest 33 (8.55%)
At a spiritual festival/healing festival 12 (3.11%)
Within a ceremony with ayahuasca or other psychedelic ritual plants (e.g. peyote, San Pedro, mushrooms, etc.) 70 (18.13%)

SD: standard deviation.