Fig. 3.

Gene expression levels and production of proinflammatory cytokines and tissue-destructive molecules in mast cells stimulated by IL-33. a After mast cells were cultured with 100 ng/ml of IL-33, the gene expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 were determined by real-time PCR. b Production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 in the culture media was quantified using ELISA. c After mast cells were cultured with 100 ng/ml of IL-33 for 24 h, the gene expression levels of RANKL and MMP-9 were determined by real-time PCR. d Production of RANKL and MMP-9 in the culture media was quantified using ELISA. Data from real-time PCR analyses were normalized to the expression level of beta-actin and reported in relative expression units. Data are presented as mean ± SEM from six independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001