Table 2.
Prevalence of risk for pressure ulcers, malnutrition, poor oral health and falls in according to type of housing, age groups, BMI, municipalities and sex (n = 12,518)
| Type of housing |
Short term nursing care n = 487 |
Home health care n = 1692 |
Nursing homes n = 8558 |
Dementia care units n = 1781 |
P values < 0.05* |
| Risk of pressure ulcers | 139 (28.5) | 233 (13.8) | 2573 (30.1) | 553 (31.0) | A, D, E |
| Risk of malnutrition | 413 (84.8) | 801 (47.3) | 4715 (55.1) | 1115 (62.6) | A, B, C, D, E, F |
| Risk of poor oral health | 152 (31.2) | 470 (27.8) | 2906 (34.0) | 751 (42.2) | C, D, E, F |
| Risk of falls | 375 (77.0) | 1078 (63.7) | 6448 (75.3) | 1428 (80.2) | A, D, E, F |
| Age groups |
65–74 n = 1152 |
75–84 n = 3666 |
85–94 n = 6114 |
95–106 n = 1586 |
P values** |
| Risk of pressure ulcers | 265 (23.0) | 1099 (30.0) | 1656 (27.1) | 478 (30.1) | 0.070 |
| Risk of malnutrition | 601 (52.2) | 2182 (60.0) | 3374 (55.2) | 887 (56.0) | 0.506 |
| Risk of poor oral health | 472 (41.0) | 1299 (35.4) | 1992 (32.6) | 516 (32.6) | < 0.001 |
| Risk of falls | 764 (66.3) | 2699 (73.6) | 4584 (75.0) | 1285 (81.0) | < 0.001 |
| BMI**** |
< 18.5 n = 933 |
18.5–24.9 n = 5639 |
25.0–29.9 n = 3853 |
> 30.0 n = 2080 |
P values** |
| Risk of pressure ulcers | 465 (49.8) | 1647 (29.2) | 916 (23.8) | 465 (22.4) | < 0.001 |
| Risk of malnutrition | 933 (100) | 3739 (66.3) | 1605 (41.7) | 759 (36.5) | < 0.001 |
| Risk of poor oral health | 441 (47.3) | 1956 (34.7) | 1225 (31.8) | 656 (31.5) | < 0.001 |
| Risk of falls | 706 (75.7) | 4173 (74.0) | 2880 (74.7) | 1561 (75.0) | 0.643 |
| Municipalities |
Large cities/municipalities near large cities n = 2959 |
Medium-sized towns/municipalities near medium-sized towns n = 5817 |
Smaller towns/urban areas and rural municipalities n = 3742 |
P values** | |
| Risk of pressure ulcers | 874 (29.5) | 1628 (28.0) | 996 (26.6) | 0.008 | |
| Risk of malnutrition | 1773 (59.9) | 3254 (55.9) | 2017 (53.9) | < 0.001 | |
| Risk of poor oral health | 961 (32.5) | 1973 (33.9) | 1345 (35.9) | 0.003 | |
| Risk of falls | 2298 (77.7) | 4306 (74.0) | 2725 (72.8) | < 0.001 | |
| Sex |
Women n = 8265 |
Men n = 4253 |
P values *** | ||
| Risk of pressure ulcers | 2413 (29.2) | 1085 (25.5) | < 0.001 | ||
| Risk of malnutrition | 4704 (56.9) | 2340 (55.0) | 0.044 | ||
| Risk of poor oral health | 2733 (33.1) | 1546 (36.4) | < 0.001 | ||
| Risk of falls | 6177 (74.7) | 3152 (74.1) | 0.449 |
Note: A=Short term nursing care compared to Home health care; B=Short term nursing care compared to Nursing homes; C=Short term nursing care compared to Dementia care units; D=Home health care compared to Nursing homes; E=Home health care compared to Dementia care units; F=Nursing homes compared to Dementia care units. *Chi square test with the Bonferroni correction for multiple analyses. All the presented p values were p < 0.006. Significant level in the current study was set at p < 0.05. **Test for trend. ***Chi square test. **** BMI was available for 99.9% of the measurements (n = 12,505)