Table 1.
Outcomes in 83 obese men with NAFLD who participated in an exercise regimen (Etotal) or weight-loss regimen (Wtotal).
| Etotal (ET) |
Wtotal (WT) |
ΔETvs. ΔWT |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameters | Before | After | Δ | Before | After | Δ | P |
| n | 54 | 29 | |||||
| Age, years | 49.8 (0.9) | 52.4 (1.6) | 0.127 | ||||
| Attendance, % | 85.4 (1.0) | 87.9 (1.6) | 0.174 | ||||
| Anthropometric characteristics | |||||||
| Body weight, kg | 83.1 (1.4) | 82.1 (1.4) | -1.0 | 82.4 (1.8) | 74.1 (1.7) | -8.3† | ET < WT† |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.2 (0.4) | 27.9 (0.5) | -0.3∗ | 29.0 (0.5) | 26.1 (0.4) | -2.9† | ET < WT† |
| WC, cm | 97.8 (1.0) | 96.1 (1.1) | -1.6∗ | 99.4 (1.4) | 90.1 (1.4) | -9.3† | ET < WT† |
| Fat mass, kg | 21.3 (0.7) | 20.2 (0.7) | -1.1† | 21.5 (0.9) | 16.3 (0.8) | -5.2† | ET < WT† |
| Lean mass, kg | 62.3 (0.9) | 62.4 (0.9) | +0.1 | 61.3 (1.4) | 57.4 (1.3) | -3.9† | ET > WT† |
| Liver enzyme activities | |||||||
| AST, U/L | 27.5 (2.1) | 25.3 (1.5) | -2.2∗ | 25.5 (1.4) | 21.4 (1.6) | -4.1† | 0.226 |
| ALT, U/L | 38.9 (4.6) | 33.9 (3.8) | -5.0∗ | 32.6 (3.3) | 24.4 (2.4) | -8.2† | 0.204 |
| GGT, U/L | 49.2 (4.0) | 46.4 (4.6) | -2.8 | 49.6 (5.3) | 27.6 (3.5) | -22.0† | ET < WT† |
| Surrogate markers of NASH and fibrosis | |||||||
| FAST-score | 0.195 (0.026) | 0.136 (0.022) | -0.060† | 0.188 (0.023) | 0.076 (0.017) | -0.112† | ET < WT∗ |
| FIB-4 index | 0.986 (0.058) | 0.979 (0.051) | -0.007 | 1.082 (0.071) | 1.180 (0.087) | +0.097∗ | ET > WT∗ |
| NF-score | -2.283 (0.144) | −2.429 (0.139) | -0.146 | -2.021(0.200) | -1.833 (0.227) | +0.188 | ET > WT∗ |
| Insulin resistance and lipid profile | |||||||
| FPG, mg/dl | 98.8 (1.8) | 97.3 (1.7) | -1.5 | 105.9 (4.8) | 97.5 (3.5) | -8.3∗ | ET < WT∗ |
| HOMA-IR | 2.96 (0.25) | 2.64 (0.24) | -0.32∗ | 2.95 (0.40) | 1.73 (0.28) | -1.22† | ET < WT∗ |
| TG, mg/dl | 154.5 (13.5) | 134.0 (10.4) | -20.5∗ | 144.1 (13.1) | 90.5 (10.3) | -53.6† | ET < WT∗ |
| NEFAǂ, Eq/L | 0.62 (0.04) | 0.5 (0.03) | -0.1† | 0.50 (0.04) | 0.59 (0.04) | +0.09 | ET > WT† |
| Daily dietary intake | |||||||
| TEIǂ, kcal/day | 2,032.8 (64.7) | 2,064.9 (62.0) | +32.1 | 2,282.8 (98.0) | 1,599.4 (37.9) | -683.4† | ET < WT† |
| Carbo, g/day | 263.7 (8.8) | 272.6 (7.7) | +8.9 | 279.8 (17.8) | 209.3 (5.6) | -70.5† | ET< WT† |
| Protein†, g/day | 72.6 (3.0) | 69.5 (1.8) | -3.2 | 84.0 (3.3) | 71.8 (2.7) | -12.2† | 0.878 |
| Fat, g/day | 62.7 (2.6) | 60.5 (2.3) | -2.3 | 68.9 (4.5) | 46.2 (2.1) | -22.7† | ET < WT† |
Means (SEMs). Significant difference: ∗p <0.05; †p <0.01. Within-group changes over time, between baseline and 3 months, for all variables were compared using paired t tests. Independent t tests or ANCOVAǂ, with adjustment for baseline, were used to compare the changes between the groups. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate transaminase; Carbo, carbohydrate; FAST-Score, FibroScan-AST Score; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NEFA, non-esterified fatty acids; NF-Score, NAFLD fibrosis score; TEI, total energy intake; TG, triglyceride; WC, waist circumference.