Table 2.
Outcomes of subgroups in 45 obese men with NAFLD who participated in an exercise regimen (Esub) or weight-loss regimen (Wsub).
| Esub (ES) |
Wsub (WS) |
ΔEs vs. ΔWs |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Before | After | Δ | Before | After | Δ | p |
| n | 24 | 21 | |||||
| Age, years | 49.7 (1.5) | 53.2 (2.2) | 0.174 | ||||
| Attendance, % | 85.8 (1.4) | 86.5 (1.9) | 0.750 | ||||
| Anthropometric characteristics | |||||||
| Body weight, kg | 83.3 (1.8) | 81.6 (1.9) | -1.7† | 83.3 (2.3) | 74.3 (2.1) | -9.0† | ES < WS† |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.1 (0.5) | 27.5 (0.5) | -0.6† | 29.5 (0.5) | 26.3 (0.5) | -3.2† | ES < WS† |
| WC, cm | 97.7 (1.4) | 94.3 (1.5) | -3.3† | 100.0 (1.8) | 90.1 (1.7) | -9.9† | ES < WS† |
| Fat mass, kg | 21.3 (1.0) | 19.9 (1.0) | -1.4† | 21.1 (1.1) | 16.1 (1.0) | -5.0† | ES < WS† |
| Lean mass, kg | 62.0 (1.2) | 61.6 (1.2) | -0.3 | 62.3 (1.7) | 58.2 (1.6) | -4.1† | ES > WS† |
| Liver enzyme activities | |||||||
| AST, U/L | 23.6 (1.4) | 22.1 (1.0) | -1.5 | 24.8 (1.2) | 19.8 (1.3) | -5.0† | 0.058 |
| ALT, U/L | 29.3 (2.7) | 25.6 (1.8) | -3.7∗ | 30.0 (2.3) | 23.6 (2.3) | -6.3∗ | 0.379 |
| GGT, U/L | 49.7 (6.5) | 46.4 (6.2) | -3.3∗ | 42.3 (4.1) | 23.5 (2.2) | -18.8† | ES < WS† |
| Surrogate markers of NASH and fibrosis | |||||||
| FAST-score | 0.145 (0.025) | 0.087 (0.014) | -0.058† | 0.173 (0.020) | 0.055 (0.012) | -0.118† | ES < WS∗ |
| FIB-4 index | 0.900 (0.056) | 0.885 (0.044) | -0.015 | 1.107 (0.090) | 1.175 (0.111) | +0.068 | 0.188 |
| NF-score | -2.353 (0.205) | -2.564 (0.176) | -0.211 | -2.128 (0.237) | -1.965 (0.226) | +0.163 | ES > WS∗ |
| Insulin resistance and lipid profile | |||||||
| FPG, mg/dl | 99.8 (3.0) | 96.0 (2.7) | -3.8† | 102.1 (4.5) | 94.8 (1.8) | -7.4∗ | 0.378 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.81 (0.36) | 2.26 (0.31) | -0.55† | 2.96 (0.43) | 1.53 (0.18) | -1.43† | ES < WS† |
| TG, mg/dl | 2.06 (0.05) | 2.00 (0.05) | -0.06∗ | 2.13 (0.04) | 1.92 (0.04) | -0.21† | ES < WS† |
| NEFAǂ, Eq/L | 0.59 (0.04) | 0.50 (0.04) | -0.09† | 0.47 (0.04) | 0.59 (0.04) | +0.13∗ | ES > WS† |
| Daily dietary intake | |||||||
| TEI†, kcal/day | 2,194.3 (81.1) | 2,172.3 (93.2) | -21.9 | 2,378.8 (115.8) | 1,588.5 (49.4) | -790.2† | ES > WS† |
| Carbo, g/day | 274.0 (9.2) | 273.0 (10.7) | -1.0 | 297.6 (22.5) | 205.3 (6.1) | -92.3† | ES > WS† |
| Proteinǂ, g/day | 79.7 (4.7) | 72.9 (3.0) | -6.8 | 85.6 (4.0) | 72.0 (3.3) | -13.6† | 0.247 |
| Fat, g/day | 68.2 (3.5) | 65.1 (3.8) | -3.1 | 73.1 (5.4) | 49.3 (2.6) | -23.8† | ES < WS† |
Means (SEMs). Significant differences: ∗p <0.05; †p <0.01. Within-group changes over time, between baseline and 3 months, for all variables were compared using paired t tests. Independent t tests or ANCOVAǂ, with adjustments for baseline, were used to compare the changes between the groups. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate transaminase; Carbo, carbohydrate; FAST-Score, FibroScan-AST Score; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; γ-GT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NEFA, non-esterified fatty acids; NF-Score, NAFLD fibrosis score; TEI, total energy intake; TG, triglyceride; WC, waist circumference.