Table 2.
Comprehensive performance comparison of the previous HCRs for inactivating E. coli.
| Year | Study | Treatment method | Disinfection rate (%) | Test volume (L) | Treatment time (min) | Treatment rate (L/min) | Electricity consumption (kWh) | Energy efficiency(kWh/L) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conventional HCRs | ||||||||
| 2007 | Chand, et al. [50] | Orifice + O3 | 72.88 | 4 | 180 | 0.022 | 15.3 a | 3.825 |
| 2008 | Arrojo, et al. [51] | Orifice | 32.67 | 60 | 120 | 0.5 | 18 a | 0.3 |
| Venturi | 91.13 | 60 | 120 | 0.5 | 18 a | 0.3 | ||
| 2009 | Mezule, et al. [52] | Milling cutter | 75 | 2 | 3 | 0.67 | 0.098 | 0.049 |
| 2012 | Loraine, et al. [53] | Venturi | 99.999 | 1.8 | 120 | 0.015 | 0.935 | 0.519 |
| 2015 | Dalfré Filho, et al. [54] | Orifice | 100 | 40 | 30 | 1.33 | 12.99 | 0.325 |
| 2018 | Šarc, et al. [21] | Venturi | 75.4 | 4 | 120 | 0.033 | 2 a | 0.5 |
| 2019 | Jain, et al. [55] | Vortex diode | 98.8 | 12 | 60 | 0.2 | 0.0063 | 0.000525 |
| 2020 | Burzio, et al. [44] | Orifice | 99.4 | 21 | 360 | 0.0583 | 3 a | 0.143 |
| Novel HCRs | ||||||||
| 2018 | Šarc, et al. [21] | ARHCR | 99.95 | 2 | 150 | 0.013 | 0.7 a | 0.35 |
| 2018 | Cerecedo, et al. [31] | ARHCR | 100 | 0.25 | 7.8 | 0.032 | 0.65 | 2.6 |
| 2018 | Sun, et al. [32] | ARHCR | 100 | 60 | 14 | 4.3 | 3.48 | 0.058 |
| Present study | ARHCR | 100 | 15 | 4 | 3.75 | 0.748 | 0.0499 | |
a
No information available on electricity consumption, but the required electric energy was calculated by the power rating.