Table 2.
Patient characteristics by ESRD recovery status
| All Patients | Patients With Recovery | Patients Without Recovery | Univariate Cox model | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 372,387 | 16,930 | 355,457 | Estimate | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 214,906 | 9980 (4.6%) | 204,926 (95.4%) | ref | ref | ref |
| Female | 157,481 | 6950 (4.4%) | 150,531 (95.6%) | 0.95 | 0.92, 0.98 | 0.0013 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 247,388 | 13,306 (5.4%) | 234,082 (94.6%) | ref | ref | ref |
| Black | 102,499 | 3013 (2.9%) | 99,486 (97.1%) | 0.53 | 0.50, 0.58 | < 0.0001 |
| Native American | 3541 | 98 (2.8%) | 3443 (97.2%) | 0.49 | 0.40, 0.60 | < 0.0001 |
| Asian | 13,675 | 368 (2.7%) | 13,307 (97.3%) | 0.48 | 0.43, 0.53 | < 0.0001 |
| Pacific Islander | 4413 | 100 (2.3%) | 4313 (97.7%) | 0.40 | 0.33, 0.48 | < 0.0001 |
| Other/unknown | 871 | 45 (5.2%) | 826 (94.8%) | 0.96 | 0.71, 1.28 | 0.76 |
| Mean age, years (SD) | 372,387 | 63.0 (14.3) | 63.4 (14.8) | 1.001 | 1.00, 1.002 | 0.29 |
| Age in years (category) | ||||||
| 0–44 | 40,796 | 1835 (4.5%) | 38,961 (95.5%) | ref | ref | Ref |
| 45–64 | 143,006 | 6524 (4.6%) | 136,482 (95.4%) | 1.03 | 0.98, 1.09 | 0.26 |
| 65+ | 188,585 | 8571 (4.5%) | 180,014 (95.5%) | 1.08 | 1.02, 1.13 | 0.004 |
| Primary ESRD cause (category) | ||||||
| Diabetes | 179,438 | 5429 (3%) | 174,009 (97%) | ref | ref | ref |
| Hypertension | 112,091 | 3945 (3.5%) | 108,146 (96.5%) | 1.18 | 1.13, 1.22 | < 0.0001 |
| Glomerulonephritis | 25,493 | 1381 (5.4%) | 24,112 (94.6%) | 1.78 | 1.68, 1.89 | < 0.0001 |
| Cystic Kidney | 6286 | 70 (1.1%) | 6216 (98.9%) | 0.34 | 0.28, 0.45 | < 0.0001 |
| Other Urologic | 4776 | 262 (5.5%) | 4514 (94.5%) | 1.82 | 1.64, 2.10 | < 0.0001 |
| Other Cause | 34,961 | 4645 (13.3%) | 30,316 (86.7%) | 4.92 | 4.73, 5.11 | < 0.0001 |
| Unknown Cause | 7868 | 661 (8.4%) | 7207 (91.6%) | 2.96 | 2.73, 3.20 | < 0.0001 |
| Missing Cause | 1474 | 537 (36.4%) | 937 (63.6%) | 17.85 | 16.33, 19.50 | < 0.0001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Diabetes Mellitus | 219,004 | 8197 (3.7%) | 210,807 (96.3%) | 0.64 | 0.62, 0.67 | < 0.0001 |
| Atherosclerotic Heart Disease | 58,333 | 2573 (4.4%) | 55,760 (95.6%) | 0.99 | 0.95, 1.03 | 0.60 |
| Heart Failure | 113,142 | 4560 (4.0%) | 108,582 (96.0%) | 0.87 | 0.84, 0.90 | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 326,100 | 12,978 (4.0%) | 313,122 (96.0%) | 0.44 | 0.43, 0.46 | < 0.001 |
| Peripheral Vascular Disease | 42,162 | 1947 (4.6%) | 40,215 (95.4%) | 1.04 | 0.99, 1.09 | 0.07 |
| COPD | 36,486 | 2038 (5.6%) | 34,448 (94.4%) | 1.32 | 1.26, 1.38 | < 0.001 |
| Cancer | 26,453 | 1640 (6.2%) | 24,813 (93.8%) | 1.50 | 1.42, 1.58 | < 0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular Disease | 32,996 | 1348 (4.1%) | 31,648 (95.9%) | 0.90 | 0.85, 0.95 | 0.0003 |
| Pre-ESRD ESA Use | < 0.0001 | |||||
| No | 205,728 | 10,216 (5%) | 195,512 (95%) | ref | ref | ref |
| Yes | 51,895 | 1103 (2.1%) | 50,792 (97.9%) | 0.42 | 0.39, 0.45 | < 0.0001 |
| Unknown | 114,764 | 5611 (4.9%) | 109,153 (95.1%) | 0.99 | 0.96, 1.03 | 0.67 |
| Pre-ESRD Nephrologist care | ||||||
| No | 95,181 | 7832 (8.2%) | 87,349 (91.8%) | ref | ref | ref |
| Yes | 223,610 | 5645 (2.5%) | 217,965 (97.5%) | 0.29 | 0.28, 0.30 | < 0.0001 |
| Unknown | 53,596 | 3453 (6.4%) | 50,143 (93.6%) | 0.78 | 0.75, 0.82 | < 0.0001 |
| Insurance Coverage | ||||||
| Medicare only | 110,954 | 5096 (4.6%) | 105,858 (95.4%) | ref | ref | ref |
| Employer only | 41,771 | 1953 (4.7%) | 39,818 (95.3%) | 0.97 | 0.92, 1.02 | 0.27 |
| Medicaid only | 46,707 | 1854 (4%) | 44,853 (96%) | 0.83 | 0.78, 0.87 | < 0.0001 |
| Medicare and Medicaid | 54,724 | 2087 (3.8%) | 52,637 (96.2%) | 0.82 | 0.78, 0.86 | < 0.0001 |
| Medicare and employer | 22,187 | 994 (4.5%) | 21,193 (95.5%) | 0.97 | 0.90, 1.03 | 0.30 |
| Medicare and other | 46,250 | 2252 (4.9%) | 43,998 (95.1%) | 1.08 | 1.02, 0.13 | 0.004 |
| None | 30,019 | 1788 (6%) | 28,231 (94%) | 1.26 | 1.20, 1.33 | < 0.0001 |
| Other only | 19,775 | 906 (4.6%) | 18,869 (95.4%) | 0.96 | 0.90, 1.03 | 0.30 |
| Lab values at ESRD Initiation | ||||||
| Serum Creatinine (mg/dL) | 370,847 | 5.7 (3.8) | 6.7 (10.3) | 0.96 | 0.9, 0.91 | < 0.0001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 367,099 | 11.7 (5.6) | 10.1 (4.6) | 1.07 | 1.07, 1.07 | < 0.0001 |
| Serum Albumin (g/dL) | 251,335 | 3 (2.3) | 3.2 (3.2) | 0.73 | 0.71, 0.75 | < 0.0001 |
ESRD End-stage renal disease, ESA Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease