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. 2021 Apr 21;25:13. doi: 10.1186/s40824-021-00214-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — In vitro osteogenic behaviors of pre-osteoblasts on the bone-graft surfaces. a Cell counts at 1, 4 and 10 days post-seeding measured by MTS assay. b ALP activity at 3, 7 and 14 days after induction of differentiation. The relative ALP activity values per each cell were obtained by normalizing to the initial value (for Day 3) of the collagen plug (negative control). The expressions of (c) BSP and (d) OCN at 3, 10 and 14 days after induction of differentiation. The relative gene expression levels were obtained as the mean fold over the value for the collagen plug (negative control) at the corresponding time points. The data represent the mean ± standard deviation with statistical significance (**p < 0.01)