Table 4.

Some phytochemical constituents of in vitro shoots and calli of Juniperus procera detected by GC-MS and their biological activity

Shoot-Compounds	RT (min)	Activity	Callus - compounds	RT (min)	Activity
Cyclononasiloxane	27.214–31.660	Antibacterial [45]	2,4,6-Cycloheptatrien-1-one	18.406	Bacteriostatic and bactericidal [46]
S-Indacene-1,7-dione	33.548	Antifungal [47]	1H-Cycloprop [e]azulene	21.259	Analgesic and anti-inflammatory [48]
Perylene	34.252	Potentially mutagenic and carcinogenic [49, 50]	1H-Benzocycloheptene	21.259	Anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial [51]
Benzoic acid	35.813	Antimicrobial [52], ant hepatotoxic [53] and fungitoxic [54]	Cyclononasiloxane	27.214	Antibacterial [45]
1Phenanthrenecarboxaldehyde	36.677	Antimicrobial [55]	Kaur-16-ene	30.905	Anti-inflammatory [47]
Retinol	36.677	Photoaging and dermatologic disorders [56–58]	Podocarpa-6,8,11,13-tetraen-12-ol	30.905	Algicidal [59]
2-Phenanthrenol	38.891	Antimicrobial [60]	Phenanthrene	33.548	Anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antimicrobial,cytotoxic, antiplatelet aggregation and phytotoxic [61–64]
n-Octanoic acid	39.118	Anti-inflammatory and anti-seizure [65]	S-Indacene-1,7-dione	33.548	Antibacterial [60]
Ferruginol	39.227–39.865	Antibacterial, antimalarial and antitumoral [62–64]	Adipic acid	34.009	a precursor for Nylon-6, and 6 polymer [61]
Prasterone	40.091	vulvovaginal atrophy treated [62]	Desomorphine	36.677	Analgesic [63]
n-Nonadecanoic acid	40.586	Antimicrobial [64]	Benz [c]acridine,	38.254	Antibacterial [69, 70]
9(1H)-Phenanthrenone	41.02	Antifungal [71]	Acetamide	38.254	Antifungal [71], Anti-inflammatory and analgesic [72]
2,6-Phenanthrenediol	42.507	Antimicrobial [73]	Podocarpa-8,11,13-triene	38.480	Anti-inflammatory [74]
Quinolone	43.329	Antibiotic [71, 72, 75]	Phenanthrenol	38.480	Drug precursor [76]
			Fluorophenol	38.623	antibacterial [77]
			Ferruginol	39.277–39.865	Antibacterial, antimalarial and antitumor [66–68]
			2-Phenanthrenol	39.277	antimicrobial [60]
			Acetamide	39.705	Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic [78]
			Benzene(1-nitro-4-(phenylmethyl)	39.865	inhibitor [78]
			Cyclopenta	40.527	Antitumor [79]
			9(1H)-Phenanthrenone	41.039	anti-inflammatory [80]