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. 2021 Apr 21;13:56. doi: 10.1186/s13073-021-00872-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — An optimized polyepitope neoantigen DNA vaccine is capable of inducing neoantigen-specific T cell responses in a patient with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine cancer. PBMC from patient GTB16 were obtained before (pre-vaccine) and after (post-vaccine) vaccination with an optimized polyepitope neoantigen DNA vaccine. PBMC were stimulated in vitro for 12 days with peptides corresponding to the indicated neoantigens and then an IFNγ ELISpot assay was performed. The number of spot forming cells (SFC) specific for each neoantigen is indicated. Nonspecific background counts, assessed by incubating cells without peptide during the ELISpot assay, were subtracted. The assays were repeated twice and similar results were obtained. Please note that the vaccine incorporated 13 neoantigens. A robust response was observed to 3/13 neoantigens. The other neoantigens did not induce a response