Extended Data Fig. 8 |. Sample size and mean value of the experiments in this study.

Thirty-two different kinds of growth media were used in this study. Here we summarize the number of biologically independent experiments for each quantity we characterized. Note that the growth rate (λ), population-averaged cellular mass OD₆₀₀ml per 10⁹ cells ($\overline{m}$), population-averaged cellular oriC No. ($\overline{o}$), and the derived λ(C+D), C+D, initiation mass (m_i, in units of 10^–9 OD₆₀₀ ml) were examined simultaneously for a same experimental culture, so these parameters have the same replicate number.