Extended Data Fig. 4 |. Linear relation between λ(C+D) and growth rate λ.

Comparison between the data in this study and those extracted from Table 3 (a) or 4 (b) in Michelsen et al.²² c, Comparison between the data in this study and those extracted from Allman et al²¹. The C and D periods were characterized by resolving the DNA histogram of cells in batch culture (a, c) or continuous culture (b). d-e, The semi-log relationship between $\overline{o}$ and growth rate. d, Comparison between the data in this study and those extracted from Si et al⁵. Their $\overline{o}$ were characterized by using run-out protocol followed by Hoechst 33342 staining and microscopic image analysis⁵. e, Comparison between the data in this study and those extracted from Zhu et al²³. Their $\overline{o}$ data were derived from replication origin per genome, and genome equivalents per cell for cells in batch culture. The straight lines represent Eq. 1 (d,e) or its derived form (a-c). The relationship between C+D period and growth rate is also presented in the inset to each panel. The solid line in the inserted plots represents Eq. 1’s derivative. The error bars for the gray filled circles in panels a-e represent the mean±SDs of the data; many of the error bars were smaller than the size of the symbols. Sample size and mean value for each symbol are provided in Extended Data Fig. 8. Data points other than the gray filled circles are presented as their original value in the publications, with no further statistics applied.