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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 13.
Published in final edited form as: Nano Lett. 2021 Jan 4;21(1):469–475. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03929

Figure 4. Detecting multiple types of biomarkers using DNA nanoswitch barcodes.

Figure 4.

(a) Using small molecules such as biotin and digoxygenin to target macromolecules. (b) Strategy to detect nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), a protein (streptavidin) and an antibody (anti-digoxygenin). (c) A nanoswitch mixture to demonstrate simultaneous detection of four different biomarkers. (d) Demonstration of lack of crosstalk in nanoswitches designed for four different target biomolecules. (e) Full set of DNA nanoswitch barcodes showing detection of all possible combinations of anti-digoxygenin (anti-dig), an RNA sequence, a DNA sequence and streptavidin. (f) Individual targets can be analyzed even in the presence of other target biomolecules, showing a “multiplexed non-interference” in the barcoded assay.