Fig. 3.

Correlation between BCI and probability of being affected by BC. a Probability of bladder cancer (Y-axis) based on BCI values (X-axis) as determined by the logistic regression model. b, c Sample frequencies by their BCI value as histogram plots for the control and cancer cohorts. Cohort BCI values are divided into 23 bins, divided evenly on a base 10 logarithmic scale from 1 to the max BCI value for 19 bins, with four additional bins representing BCI values from 0 to 1 at 0.25 increments. BCI values (X-axis) are represented using a symmetrical log scale (BCI values between 0 and 1 are represented on a linear scale, while values > 2 are illustrated on a base 10 logarithmic scale). Bladder CARE classifications are delimited by shading, with Negative (BCI < 2.5) as green, and High-Risk (BCI 2.5–5) and Positive classifications (BCI > 5) delimited by the yellow and red areas, respectively